Contribution of Shakespeare to Modern Literature Essay

Contribution of Shakespeare to Modern Literature - Essay Example Shakespeare's main arena included one where he affected people through his intellectual, yet seemingly ordinary and therefore, easily accessible message. Shakespeare managed to imbibe a sense of physical action into the rather static state of affairs in the thearetical scene upon his arrival. Also, he was phenomenal as far as creating symbolic instead of purely realistic plots were concerned. In this context, writers of modern day literature have avidly followed his lead by experimenting with real life scenarios to twist and turn them to trasmit a meassge. The striking characteristic of Shakespeare's work lies in its ability to simply transport a person to unknown lands and their unusual elements. Even when writing of the violence Literature ridden times of England or the discriminatory attitude that prevailed among many at that time, he tells a story of dreams and hope. Invariably, writers today follow this basic format in modern literature where there is always a struggle with hope complementing it and finally - the hero takes the cake. Shakespeare actually introduced the world and thereby inducted the modern literary scene, into the traditional rough it out till the end mode of writing. (Harold, 2003) The best part about Shakespeare's plays is that the characters are studies in cultural and societal nuances. Try Shylock from The Merchant of Venice. This money lending Jew fit the typified framework which was associated with the cunning community at that time and Shylock with his dialogues and choice of words became a huge hit merely because he was just like them and yet different in the way he had been portrayed in lieu of the situations that surrounded him as a father. These kinds of characterisations have come to signify the blueprint for all... This paper stresses that it is difficult for most scholars of his work to decide whether his sonnets have more punch or his plays have more of his sense of unparalleled imagination. As far as his style of writing is concerned, his nuances and detailing have been a benchmark for many a writer. On a more personal note, William Shakespeare’s life reflects the story of a boy from a provincial town who made it to the top without any money or connections to support his talent or dreams. Besides influencing the theaterical scene in more ways than one, Shakespeare has been creadited with the creation of the most splendid plays the world has ever seen. He had the power to revolutionalise theatre and he actually achieved that aim with the creation of the most admired plays in Western Literature. This report makesa conclusion that most modern writers have been found to draw inspiration from Shakespeare’s work which promoted them to demonstrate deeper understanding of elements like art and music in one’s everyday. With Shakespeare’s entertaining yet informative and rather realistic style, most writers of modern literature have found to understand areas like art and music which they have imbibed in their work, to reflect the struggles and issues of the time and other general problem areas like cultural suppression, violence and political power.

Mineral Exploration Essay Example for Free

Mineral Exploration Essay Mineral exploration is the initial stage of the mining cycle. It is a sequential process of information gathering that assesses the mineral potential of a given area. In simple words it is the search for mineral deposits. The reason of exploration is to trace a new source of metal or useful minerals. This includes industrial minerals like silica or clay minerals, metals like iron, lead, zinc, etc., and precious metals and gemstones like gold and diamonds. Types of Mineral Exploration  ·Grassroots exploration involves looking for a deposit in an area where the mineral or metal has never been found till date.  ·Brownfield exploration is the search for any traces of additional deposits near an identified mine.  ·On-mine-site exploration is about expanding a mineral resource that has been found beforehand and developed on the property of an existing mine. Mineral Exploration Process Prospecting It is the search for mineral deposits and starts with an idea or geologic model that identifies lands worthy of advance exploration. It basically includes prospectors walking the around examining and mapping rock types and collecting rock and soil samples by hand for either mineral or laboratory analysis. Mining Claim Staking It is exercised in all the countries as a way of indicating to the government the area that a company wishes to explore further in detail. The license required to stake a claim can be applied for at a mining recorders office. Once a claim is staked and approved by the appropriate government agency, it gives the company the exclusive right to explore that section of ground for a specific time. Detailed Exploration Once a claim has been staked and based on the results of its initial prospecting work, the company will come to a decision on whether to carry on with more detailed exploration. Many minerals are buried deep beneath soil so to test if minerals are present advanced techniques are used such as geophysical and geochemical surveys, and diamond drilling programs are also used. Sampling and Drilling If earlier stages suggest that there is the probability of a mineral deposit underground, the exploration company now might be able to sample that rock to calculate approximately the extent and form of that mineral deposit. The samples are then sent to laboratories for testing and the company will analyze the results.

An Analysis of the Television Sitcom, Different Strokes :: Media

An Analysis of the Television Sitcom, Different Strokes Different Strokes a comedy sitcom, first aired in 1978, and lasted until 1986. This sitcom consisted of a widowed Manhattan millionaire, Phillip Drummond , who adopted two orphaned brothers. Arnold who was 8 years old and Willis who was 12. The boys' mother was Drummonds housekeeper who became very ill, so Drummond made a promise to her that he would take care of her two sons after she passed away. Drummond treated the two boys like his own. He also lived with his daughter, Kimberly, who was 13 years old, and his current housekeeper. This sitcom showed typical life lessons in growing up, and social problems that were occurring during that time. Some of the aspects of this show were both positive and negative. Positive Aspects In this sitcom there are several different ways in which minorities are positively portrayed. For instance, even though Arnold and Willis were two brothers of another ethnic background and race, Drummond who was a Caucasian millionaire still took these boys in. Another example of positive portrayal is that Drummond also called Arnold and Willis his â€Å"sons† not just his adopted children. He raised them as if they were his own children. The third example of a positive portrayal is that in this sitcom they showed evidence of social problems, such as racial discrimination. They realized that it did exist and that it was a problem. Finally, this sitcom also showed how blacks and whites could live equally and be happy together. These four portrayals are definitely positive and show how two minorities were portrayed in â€Å"Diff’rent Strokes†. Negative Aspects Different Strokes, which was first televised November 3, 1978, was one of the better, most influential shows of that time. This show was a perfect example of how minorities were portrayed to be unable to support themselves. The African American family characterized in this show was a single mother family, leading to the belief that most African American children were without a father in their lives. In agreement with the stereotypes of the time, their income was also low because the mother was a housekeeper. The audience may presume that she had no other skills than housekeeping which leads to the negative belief that African Americans have no job skills. In addition to these family problems and income issues, the children spoke slang and were even referred to as ghetto.

Project Management of Resources

Successful organizations must manage resources and control the diverse range of projects operating within their systems at any one time. To be successful in the current business climate, organizations need to focus on how to manage the many competing requirements for resources. Conflicting resource requirements across multiple projects and corporate priorities not centrally managed usually are grounds for failure. I believe that a properly organized enterprise project office is the formula for successful project implementation. This paper briefly outlines what I feel is the main philosophy of the project office and two functions it can provide. The main philosophy of the project office is to provide the organization with a single point of enterprise project planning and control. The project office supports all levels of management by monitoring all current projects in an integrated form. It stores all relevant data and disseminates information to all the various managers involved in all projects. It is the only office that has a global view of all the corporate projects and their history. One function the project office can provide is assistance with resource availability for the project managers and project teams. As resource requirements and assignments are submitted to the project office, that information can be entered into an enterprise project database. This gives the project office the ability to not only track resource allocations for a single project but also determine the assignments and constraints of resources throughout the organization. Without this big picture, project impacts caused by resource constraints are difficult to determine. Another function the project office can provide is maintaining the â€Å"issues† log. The project manager and possibly functional managers raise issues when changes to the project scope occur, or when changes and problems occur outside the control of the project management team. The project office collects this information and performs various â€Å"what if† scenarios. They then can determine the impact on schedule, resource availability, and budget for that project and the organization as a whole. The project office can provide the enterprise the tools and knowledge to make informed decisions that benefit the organization as a whole. Without a single point of enterprise project planning and control, decisions such as resource assignments and issue rectification are not efficient. For an organization to perform project management successfully, they must have an enterprise project office.

Weighted Average Cost of Capital and Midland Energy

Executive Summary: Midland Energy Resources, Inc. is a global energy company with a broad array of products and services. The company operates within three different operations including oil and gas exploration and production (E&P), refining and marketing (R&M), and petrochemicals. Midland has proven to be a very profitable company, with reported operating revenue of $248. 5 billion and operating income of $42. 2 billion. The company has been in business for over 120 years and employed more than 80,000 individuals.Janet Mortensen, the senior vice president of project finance for Midland Energy Resources, has been asked to calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the company as a whole, as well as each of its three divisions as part of an annual budgeting process. Midland’s Three Divisions: Exploration & Production Oil exploration and production (E&P) is Midland’s most profitable business, and its net margin over the previous five years was among the hig hest in the industry.With oil prices at historic highs in early 2007, Midland anticipated heavy investment in acquisitions of promising properties, in development of its proved undeveloped reserves, and in expanding production. They also needed to account for competition from areas such as the Middle East, Central Asia, Russia, and West Africa. Refining and Marketing Midland had ownership interests in forty refineries around the world with distillation capacity of five million barrels a day. Measured by revenue, this side of the business was Midland’s largest. The relatively small margin was consistent with a long-term trend in the industry.Margins had declined steadily over the previous twenty years. Petrochemicals Petrochemicals is Midland’s smallest but most promising and undervalued division. Midland owned twenty-five manufacturing facilities and five research centers in eight countries around the world. Capital spending in petrochemicals was expected to grow in th e near term. [Midland Energy Case Analysis] Managerial Finance 1 In order to find the cost of capital for Midland Energy Resources and each of the three divisions within the company, we will need to use the formula or weighted average cost of capital (WACC) which is: ( )( rd= Cost of debt re= Cost of equity D= Market value of debt E= Market value of equity V= D+E= Value of the company (or division) T= Tax rate First, we can calculate â€Å"rd† for each division as it is outlined in the case by adding a premium/spread over US Treasury securities of a similar maturity. In other words: ( The two tables in the case are as follows: Table 1 Business Segment Consolidated E&P R&M Petrochemicals Credit Rating A+ A+ BBB AATable 2 Maturity 1-Year 10-Year 30-Year Rate 4. 54% 4. 66% 4. 8% Debt/Value 42. 2% 46. 0% 31. 0% 40. 0% Spread to Treasury 1. 62% 1. 60% 1. 80% 1. 35% ) ) ( ) *For my calculation, I used the 30-year maturity for E&P, R&M, and Midland as a whole as they take on longer term projects. I used the 1-year for petrochemicals as they tend to take on short term projects. [Midland Energy Case Analysis] Managerial Finance 2 Calculations are as follows: rd for Exploration & Production: rd for Refining & Marketing: rd for Petrochemicals: rd for Midland: Second, we need to calculate â€Å"re† for the three divisions as well as Midland as a whole.To find â€Å"re†, we will use the CAPM model outlined in the case: ( ) In order to solve this equation, we need to find beta for the three divisions. The case already outlines Midland’s overall beta at 1. 25. However, the case does not state the beta for the three divisions. We can calculate this using beta for publicly traded companied outlined in the case. Using the following formula, as well as exhibit 5 in the case, we can calculate beta for the three divisions: * ( ) ( )+ [Midland Energy Case Analysis] Managerial Finance 3 Exhibit 5(from case) Exploration & Production: Jackson Energy, Inc.Wi de Plain Petroleum Corsicana Energy Corp Worthington Petroleum Average Refining & Marketing: Bexar Energy, Inc. Kirk Corp. White Point Energy Petrarch Fuel Services Arkana Petroleum Corp. Beaumont Energy, Inc. Dameron Fuel Services Average Midland Energy Resources Equity Market Value 57,931 46,089 42,263 27,591 Net Debt 6,480 39,375 6,442 13,098 D/E 11. 20% 85. 40% 15. 20% 47. 50% 39. 80% Equity Beta 0. 89 1. 21 1. 11 1. 39 1. 15 LTM Revenue 18,512 17,827 14,505 12,820 LTM Earnings 4,981 8,495 4,467 3,506 60,356 15,567 9,204 2,460 18,363 32,662 48,796 6,200 3,017 1,925 -296 5,931 6,743 24,525 0. 30% 19. 40% 20. 90% 12. 00% 32. 30% 20. 60% 50. 30% 20. 30% 1. 7 0. 94 1. 78 0. 24 1. 25 1. 04 1. 42 1. 2 160,708 67,751 31,682 18,874 49,117 59,989 58,750 9,560 1,713 1,402 112 3,353 1,467 4,646 134,114 79,508 59. 30% 1. 25 251,003 18,888 Again the calculation to find Asset ? is: * Equity ? for Midland= 1. 25 ( ) ( )+ Equity ? for E&P= 0. 93*[1+ (1-39. 73%)*85. 19%] =1. 41 Equity? for R&M= 1. 05*[1+ (1-39. 73%)*44. 93%] = 1. 33 *85. 19% and 44. 93% come from Exhibit 1 in the case In order to get Equity ? for Petrochemicals, we will need to take a weighted average of the three divisions.The equation would be as follows: (w1, w2, w3 are based on the total assets of a division divided by Midland’s total assets). To find this, we will use the numbers from Exhibit 3 in the case: [Midland Energy Case Analysis] Managerial Finance 4 2004 E&P 76,866 R&M 60,688 Petro 19,943 Midland 157,497 2005 125,042 2006 140,100 Avg 114,002. 67 91,629 93,829 82,048. 67 28,000 28,450 25,464. 33 244,671 262,378 221,515. 33 Calculation for w1-3: W1= 114,002. 67/221,515. 33= 0. 51 W2= 82,048. 67/221525. 33= 0. 37 W3= 25,464. 33/221,515. 33= 0. 2 Now we can use the formula from before to find the ? for Petrochemicals: Lastly, we need to find EMRP to find â€Å"re† for Midland and the three divisions. We can find our EMRP number by looking at exhibit 6 in the case: Period 1987-2006 1 967-2006 1926-2006 1900-2006 1872-2006 1798-2006 Average excess return US Equities – T-Bonds 6. 4% 4. 8% 7. 1% 6. 8% 5. 9% 5. 1% Standard Error 3. 7% 2. 6% 2. 2% 1. 9% 1. 6% 1. 2% I will choose to use the average return from the time period of 1798-2006. That is the longest sample size in regards to time, as well as having the lowest standard of error.I will round down to 5% for ease of calculation: [Midland Energy Case Analysis] Managerial Finance 5 ( â€Å"re† for Midland= 4. 98%+5%*1. 25= 11. 23% â€Å"re† for E&P= 4. 98%+5%*1. 41= 12. 03% â€Å"re† for R&M= 4. 98%+5%*1. 33= 11. 63% â€Å"re† for Petrochemicals= 4. 54%+5%*0. 32= 6. 14% ) With this information, we are able to finally calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Midland and the 3 divisions of the company. The formula and calculations are as follows: ( )( ) ( ) *D/V are provided in Table 1 for Midland, E&P, R&M, and Petrochemicals. They are 42. 2%, 46. %, 31. 0%, 40. 0 % respectively. WACC-cost of capital we need: WACC for E&P: ( =8. 32% WACC for R&M: ( =9. 29% WACC for Petrochemicals: ( =5. 10% WACC for Midland: ( =9. 17% [Midland Energy Case Analysis] Managerial Finance 6 ) ) ) ) The cost of capital (as shown above) will differ for the three divisions because the business operates in different industries. By being in different industries, the companies have different risk exposure and betas, while also having different credit ratings. All of these components will affect a company’s cost of capital differently.Further Analysis: Mortensen’s estimates were used for many things including performance assessments, mergers and acquisition proposals, stock repurchases, asset appraisals, and financial accounting. As stated in the case, cost of capital is a very important component in WACC calculations. These calculations were being used to evaluate at a divisional level as well as at a corporate level as a whole. In my calculations for the case, I solved for both levels. In regards to Midland’s corporate WACC, Mortensen computed the cost of debt for each division by adding a premium (or â€Å"spread†) over U.S. Treasury securities with an appropriate maturity depending on the division. For Exploration and Production (E&P), Refining and Marketing (R&M), as well as Midland as a corporation, Mortensen used a 30 year maturity TBond assumption as those divisions tended to focus on longer term projects. She decided on a 1 year T-Bond maturity assumption for Petrochemicals as they tended to focus on shorter term projects. Another assumption was that the tax rate (39. 73%) remained constant throughout the case as well as an EMRP of 5%.The EMRP was based on exhibit 6 of the case which examined TBonds during a certain period of time and with a certain standard of error. With a very low standard of error (based on the chart) and advisors, bankers, and investors covering the industry agreeing with 5% as an estimate, I believe the estimate to be appropriate. Analysts on the industry, bankers, and investors tend to have a broader look on companies within an industry as a whole. Lastly, Midland should not use a single corporate hurdle rate for evaluating investment opportunities in all of its divisions because each division is different.Midland is too large of a corporation, with different divisions, each containing its own unique set of risks. Due to the fact that the risk for each division will be different, I believe the corporate hurdle rates for those divisions should also be different to reflect a more accurate corporate assessment. I believe Mortensen did a great job with the information she was presented with in the case and I believe Midland Energy will continue to be a prominent company within the industry. [Midland Energy Case Analysis] Managerial Finance 7

Coougar - Highlights essays

Coougar - Highlights essays Cougaar (Cognitive Agent Architecture) is the most advanced agent architecture to date and was demonstrated by DARPA and DLAs 5-year Advanced Logistics Project (ALP). ALPs final demonstration was held in May 2001 and consisted of building a level-5 logistics plan in one hour. The demonstration showed the results of 300 organizations with 5000 functional processes working together to create the logistics plan. The plan gives the methods to transport food, fuel, construction material, ammo, medical supplies, spare parts, 20,000 major end items, and 33,000 people transported from US to the tactical assembly area. Courgaar is patterned after the Human Cognitive Process and is based on agent-oriented architecture. The human cognitive process consists of three functions: 1. Task Expander Function - Decomposing larger tasks into smaller ones 2. Allocator Function Allocate resources to those tasks. 3. Assessor Function Continually assess how we are doing. Agent-oriented architecture is the next step beyond object-oriented or the client-server model. Object-oriented focuses on a data centric view to build objects. In object-oriented systems there is a central point of process coordination. Agent-oriented shifts to a process centric view of creating systems. It is still based on OO technologies but uses a process based approach to design focused on emulating the properties of agency, of humans, yielding distinct advantages over its predecessor. Agent-oriented systems demonstrate true distributed computing. Clients coordinate data and processes between all members of the system removing the need for a central server. Each component is self managing and can dynamically establish relationships, coordinate with other components, and communicate within the system as needed. What is an agent and what do they do? An agent is an element of software that ca ...

Timeline History Of Russia 1533-1991 Essays - Marxist Theorists

Timeline History Of Russia 1533-1991 Essays - Marxist Theorists Timeline History of Russia 1533-1991 1533-1584 The Russian Empire, covering over one-sixth of the world, is governed by the sovereignty of Czar Ivan the Terrible. The feudal system oppresses every man, woman and child as the Czar releases "Tax Collectors" to maintain support for the nobles in the land. Brigands and financial extortionists persecute any lower class citizen who refuses to help contribute to the Czar's regime. 1682-1725 Under Czar Peter I (Peter the Great), the Russian Empire begins to flourish with traces of traditional social structure modifications in the country. Observing the radical advances of western civilizations, Peter orders the modernization of the army, creation of a navy, encourages mercantilism and foreign trade, and gives women more rights. Nevertheless, the Empire remains stricken in poverty over slow reforms and the overbearing presence of feudalism. 1825-1861 The feudal system begins to fail when the goals and desires of the common peasant cannot be achieved through such an archaic doctrine. Various successive Czars attempt social reforms which do not leave an impact on the country's well-being. In December of 1825, an uprising from the populace occures when they demand changes to the economic system. With the development of the American, French and Spanish constitutions, the serfs now demanded the abolishment of the monarchy dictatorship, communal ownership of land and many other civil and social reforms. Unfortunately, their rebellion was quickly dismantled by the Czar's military faction and the system remained in tact. 1861-1905 Czar Nicholas II finally realized that his current economic monarchy was holding back the development of the empire. He therefore created a parliamentary system in 1905 which would decrease the number of strikes and violent outbursts generating from the peasants. This representative assembly (called a Duma) was convened a total of four times during the first World War and gave legitimacy to other political factions within the empire and would hopefully increase civil rights. 1917-1924 World War I led to the abdication (resignation) of the Czar as the people revolted against his useless monarchy. Famine, disease and death were spreading like wildfire as the Russians aided France against the militia of Germany during World War I. The population lost its faith in the monarchy and installed a provisional government that would keep the country from disintegrating. However, this government refused to intervene during the fragile years of the war and lost its power to a communist party called the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Nikolai Lenin), overthrew the provisional government and implemented their style of authority to the empire. Their objectives were to lead the Russian empire into prosperity while utilizing Karl Marx's proposed doctrine for a communal, classless environment where the workers will be using their abilities to satisfy their own needs. The Union was now born and the Communist Manifesto was finally going to be activated. The C zar and his family were captured and executed, thus ending the oppressive autocracy that had befallen the empire for hundreds of years. Eventually, the central government was overtaken by Lenin and his military leaders, Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin. Although a minority party, the Bolsheviks decided to implement capitalistic modifications to the fragile economy in order to aid the communistic backlash that would follow. The New Economic Policy (NEP) created by Lenin would allow peasants to keep a certain amount of profit for themselves, rather than having the government subsidize all of it. Unfortunately, Lenin died just as his policy had started to work. 1925-1953 The two apparent heirs to Lenin's regime were Josef Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Although Trotsky was better suited for the position (with his strong political inclinations towards reasonable social adaptability), Josef Stalin assumed controlled and subsequently ordered the exile of all apposing cabinet ministers, including Trotsky. Anyone in the Union who objected to his decisions was sent to Siberian prison camps or murdered. He now had full control without any intervention from other liberal or moderate parties. He decided to concentrate on improving military strength and building on improving the Soviet economy, rather than follow Lenin's revolutionary goal of dominating the world. In order to obtain the immense amount of money needed to maintain his militia, he began a series of five year programs which would force

Basic Facts about a Starfishs Biology and Behavior

Basic Facts about a Starfish's Biology and Behavior Starfish are star-shaped invertebrates that can be a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. You might be most familiar with starfish that live in tide pools in the intertidal zone, but some live in deep water. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: EchinodermataClass: Asteroidea Background Even though they are commonly called starfish, these animals are known more scientifically as sea stars. They do not have gills, fins, or even a skeleton. Sea stars have a tough, spiny covering and a soft underside. If you turn over a live sea star, youll likely see its hundreds of tube feet wiggling. There are over 2,000 species of sea stars, and they come in all sizes, shapes, and colors. Their most noticeable characteristic is their arms. Many sea star species have five arms, but some, like the sun star, can have up to 40. Distribution Sea stars live in all the worlds oceans. They can be found in tropical to polar habitats, and from deep to shallow water. Visit a local tide pool, and you may be lucky enough to find a sea star! Reproduction Sea stars may reproduce sexually or asexually. There are male and female sea stars, but they are indistinguishable from one another. They reproduce by releasing sperm or eggs into the water, which, once fertilized, become free-swimming larvae that later settle to the ocean bottom. Sea stars reproduce asexually by regeneration. A sea star can regenerate an arm  and nearly its entire body if at least a portion of the sea stars central disc remains. Sea Star Vascular System Sea stars move using their tube feet and have an advanced water vascular system that they use to fill up their feet with sea water. They do not have blood but instead take in seawater through the sieve plate, or madreporite, located on top of the sea star, and use that to fill up their feet. They can retract their feet using muscles or use them as suction to hold onto a substrate or its prey. Sea Star Feeding Sea stars feed on bivalves like clams and mussels, and other animals such as small fish, barnacles, oysters, snails, and limpets. They feed by grasping their prey with their arms and extruding their stomach through their mouth and outside their body, where they digest the prey. They then slide their stomach back into their body.

ABORTION AND EUTHANASIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Social policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Social policy - Essay Example Despite positive steps at expanding the welfare state to reduce inequality in British society, the Working Family Tax Credit and the Child Tax Credit, revised since 1999, have been seeped controversy. What intentions did the Government have when it formulated this policy? To what extent was the implementation process a success or a failure? Seeking to address these questions and many more as they relate to social assistance reform in the United Kingdom, the following will provide a thorough yet concise overview of the issues surrounding these controversial measures. With an eye to providing a thorough understanding of social assistance reform in the United Kingdom, we now turn to an overview of the impetus to implement the Working Family Tax Credit and the Child Tax Credit (Redston, 2006). Unemployment is an issue which is frequently in the news and is becoming more and more a cause for concern due to the ramifications of the global credit crunch and ensuing economic crisis across the world. According to the Daily Mail, the true cost of unemployment in the United Kingdom stands at an astonishing  £61 billion per year (Daily Mail, 2007). Seeking to encourage people to work, even if their salaries were low, the British government has implemented numerous measures to encourage a productive labour force. With the aim of addressing income inequality through welfare reform, the United Kingdom undertook an overhaul of the social assistance system and the means through which low paying individuals in Britain could claim tax benefits as part of the recent reform. Under the assumption that low income workers deserved tax credits from the central government, current Prime Minister Gordon Brown undertook a thorough review of the credit tax system under the stewardship of Tony B lair and sought to establish a means test for social security benefits. Accordingly, the Working Tax Credit

Supply and Demand II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply and Demand II - Assignment Example Draw this on your graph above. a. (Figure: Supply and Demand with Subsidy) Refer to the figure. Suppose a subsidy allows sellers to receive their product at the price of $8 with a quantity of 400 units. What is the dollar amount of the subsidy per unit of the good? 7. True, False, or Uncertain: A starving farmer accepting a loan from a moneylender at a 25% interest rate is an example of mutually beneficial exchange. Give a one-sentence explanation of your answer. b. If the elasticity of demand for spring break packages to Ibiza is -5, and if you notice that this year in Ibiza the quantity of packages demanded increased by 10%, then what happened to the price of Ibiza vacation packages? c. London real estate developers are building thousands of new student-friendly apartments close to the Strand campus. If you want to pay the lowest rent possible, should you hope that demand for apartments is elastic or inelastic? d. The town council degrees that thousands of apartments close to the Strand campus are uninhabitable and must be torn down next semester. If you want to pay the lowest rent possible, should you hope that demand for apartments is elastic or

Job Analysis, Recruitment and Selection Project. Arab Bank in UAE Essay

Job Analysis, Recruitment and Selection Project. Arab Bank in UAE - Essay Example For the purpose of conducting job analysis, two methods have been taken into consideration namely, critical incident method and interviewing. Critical incident method is very effective in gaining the required information related to the task. It is task oriented and helps in providing the needed information. Interviewing is a popularly used method and has proved to be effective in the process. Interviewing the candidates has proved to be effective because the information is generated directly from the person. Creating the pool of the candidates is very essential as the candidates need to be aware of the vacancies and the job responsibilities before applying for the job. Advertisement and employee referral methods have been used for this purpose. Among the various means of advertisement, online recruitment has been taken into consideration to increase the efficiency of the recruitment process. Employee referral method is another way of creating the pool of candidates. Here, the existin g employees refer to a particular candidate. This is also very effective because it helps in getting the right candidate in less expense. Different measures have been adopted to conduct the selection procedure. The KSAOs (knowledge, skill, abilities as well as the other qualities) analysis is done through the various measures such as tests related to the clerical, the administrative and the organisational ability of the candidates, role play and personal interview. Conclusively, the organisation’s initiatives that can be taken in relation to enhancing the chances of the candidates’ to gain success have also been discussed. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 5 Job Analysis Related To the Secretary of the Bank 6 Methods Used for Conducting Job Analysis 8 Critical Incident Method 8 Interviewing 9 Creating Pool of Candidates for Bank’s Secretary Post 11 Advertising Method 11 Employee Referral Method 12 Measures Adopted for Selection Procedure for the Post of Secretary Position 13 Tests Related To the Clerical Ability of the Candidates 13 Role Play 14 Personal Interview 15 Enhancing the Chances of Candidates’ Success 16 Conclusion 18 References 19 Appendices 21 Questionnaire 21 Arab Bank Advertisement 22 Introduction The paper will study the job analysis, recruitment and selection process of the secretary position in Arab Bank in UAE. This bank has been the part of the banking sector of UAE since 14 July in the year 1930. Abdel Hameed Shoman is the founder of the Arab Bank (Arab Bank UAE, 2011). The bank is oriented to the monetary dealings and is devoted in improving the economical condition of the citizens of UAE. The secretary plays an important role in the organization. The position for the secretary of the bank demands the ability of dealing with certain varied tasks which come by and provide with required support to the senior managers. The job responsibility of the secretary of the banks is to perform administrative duties in order to help the bank to perform better in effective and efficient ways. The paper includes the steps that are followed while performing the job analysis process for the secretary position and the different selection processes which are used for the selection of correct candidate. The study also intends to include the advantages and disadvantages of the methods which are used for the purpose of selection procedure. It will help in analyzing the responsibilities of the position and with the

Employee Annual self-Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employee Annual self-Evaluation - Assignment Example Having the positive attitude and self-confidence to succeed, while motivating the work team to remain focused on the job details, is my progress agenda. This involves meeting the delivery deadlines and work challenges in a responsible manner. Treating fellow workers with respect, following the transparent practices in communication with clients and co-workers, while personally admitting the mistakes remains the important aspect of my ethics policy. I resolve that I must set an example, where others will follow me. Meeting the clients and my co-workers on regular basis, for efficient and timely execution of jobs undertaken, remains high on my work agenda. This is with a view to uphold the confidence shown by clients in capability of the company executing the orders efficiently. Efficient communication, with a problem-solving attitude, while dealing with my coworkers remains the top priority. Respecting the ethical and cultural ethos as well as differences, I try to hold others accountable. Meeting commitments, while promoting cohesive work culture and recognition through rewards is the benchmark for me. Contributing to success of the company through proper follow up of client feedback is my target. This includes the will to listen to others, for understanding my strengths and weaknesses in a constructive manner. Accepting changes in the system with an open mind, while identifying new business opportunities for the company is my strategic goal for performance. This includes working towards getting the support of all relevant people in the organization. I constantly work towards acquiring more knowledge in my professional field, by employing work-experience and academic principals in an efficient manner to remain successful at my job, while aspiring for going higher on the corporate

Market Strategy and Anti-Trust Regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Market Strategy and Anti-Trust Regulation - Essay Example To be specific, the company targeted a large market through the Product Line Expansion Strategy. In explanation, the De Beers Company had an effective distribution channel and it influenced other companies to make sales through the distribution channel. This ensured that the company gained control of the product supply globally due to the consumer surplus, regardless of whether it produced the diamond. The company had an excess supply of diamond, therefore, controlling the prices of the commodity. After 1990, there were new sources of diamond in other countries that sold the product directly to the market without involving De Beers. This created a producer surplus situation and the company employed its resources to purchase diamond from the emerged sources, as a strategy to maintain its market share (Thompson, Arthur, & Strickland, p. 23). The American courts had no jurisdiction to handle De Beers’ case for defying the country’s anti-trust regulations (Guide to Antitrust Laws). The company was not accountable for the diamond in the United States as the transfer of the title to the products occurred outside the country’s boundaries. However, the De Beers Company decided to pay the penalties even through it was under no legal obligation to make the payment. The justification is that it paid the fines in order to have the ability to enter the United States market to increase its

Employee Annual self-Evaluation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employee Annual self-Evaluation - Assignment Example Having the positive attitude and self-confidence to succeed, while motivating the work team to remain focused on the job details, is my progress agenda. This involves meeting the delivery deadlines and work challenges in a responsible manner. Treating fellow workers with respect, following the transparent practices in communication with clients and co-workers, while personally admitting the mistakes remains the important aspect of my ethics policy. I resolve that I must set an example, where others will follow me. Meeting the clients and my co-workers on regular basis, for efficient and timely execution of jobs undertaken, remains high on my work agenda. This is with a view to uphold the confidence shown by clients in capability of the company executing the orders efficiently. Efficient communication, with a problem-solving attitude, while dealing with my coworkers remains the top priority. Respecting the ethical and cultural ethos as well as differences, I try to hold others accountable. Meeting commitments, while promoting cohesive work culture and recognition through rewards is the benchmark for me. Contributing to success of the company through proper follow up of client feedback is my target. This includes the will to listen to others, for understanding my strengths and weaknesses in a constructive manner. Accepting changes in the system with an open mind, while identifying new business opportunities for the company is my strategic goal for performance. This includes working towards getting the support of all relevant people in the organization. I constantly work towards acquiring more knowledge in my professional field, by employing work-experience and academic principals in an efficient manner to remain successful at my job, while aspiring for going higher on the corporate

Decision Support System Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Decision Support System Technologies - Essay Example Internet is one of the major technological drivers to bring those changes. As a result, now businesses are going global, physical boundaries are getting meaningless. One of the major outcomes of this technological influence on the businesses was the development of the information systems. Initially, in late 1950's and early 1960's, these information systems used to do batch processing, generating a limited number of reports. Later on, these systems keep on growing and ultimately emerged in to ERPs (Enterprise Resource Planning). ERPs were highly integrated systems that helped to automate and integrate various business operations. However, what was really missing even then was the support to decision making capabilities. As these information systems were designed to automate the business operations, therefore the reports generated out of it were also operation centered and thus were not able to provide the enterprise-wide view and consequently, they were of little use to strategic decision makers. This problem gave birth to various decision support system technologies. Let us explore each of them separately. Web analytics is the term used to describe the application of the concept of business analytics or business intelligence on the websites. It is also called web intelligence. We can also say that it is the study of the behavior or behavioral analysis of the website visitors. (Schlegel) Over the period of time, web analytics has been evolved as one of the major analysis tools to monitor the marketing done through web. One of the techniques of web analytics is click stream analysis. In the context of the businesses, web analysis is the use of the data collected from the website so as to ascertain, which part of the website works towards the business objectives. There are different types of information that can be gathered from the web analytics. The most important one is the web traffic report. Other worth collecting information heads are, email response rate, sales and direct mail campaign response rate, marketing and the lead generation information etc. The data thus collected is the n measured against the set benchmarks. (Rober) Informatica Corporation focus closely on using web to enable organizations to track business performance. Using the Informatica Business Intelligence platform, organizations gather business information metrics via voice systems, the web, and wireless transmission. Informatica Analytics Delivery Platform is an internet based system, that provides real time data about the business performance results. Here is the list of the business intelligences tools that support web analysis, specially through XML tools: Actuate 6 by Actuate Corp. Business Objects Web Intelligence by Business Objects. Clear Research, Clear Events by Clear Forest Corp. Cognos Series 7, Cognos Web Services SDK Crystal Enterprise, Crystal Reports, Crystal Analysis Professional by Crystal Decisions. DATA WAREHOUSING: The name data warehousing refers to the warehouse to store data. Just like the additional inventory that is at the moment not required for current business operations is kept in the warehouse and is called when needed. Likewise, in a data warehouse, the data not relate to current operation, such historical data is placed in the data warehouse. In technical terms,

The Discovery Telomerase Essay Example for Free

The Discovery Telomerase Essay The linear chromosomes of eukaryotes are more complex than the circular chromosomes of the bacteria. Due to the biochemical properties of DNA polymerases, the replication of the eukaryotic chromosomes poses a special problem: the maintenance of the length of the linear chromosomes. However, it was discovered that a unique enzyme complex appears to play a crucial in maintaining the length of eukaryotic chromosomes. This enzyme is known as the telomerase. Its regulative action on the eukaryotic cell implies that it may also be involved in the process of aging and in the development of cancer cells. In this paper, the telomerase becomes the focus of study. The discovery, properties, and functions of the telomerase inside the eukaryotic cells will be described, based on the recent scientific studies that have been conducted about them. And finally, current and potential applications that involve this enzyme, in the field of biotechnology, will be presented. The Discovery of Telomerase When the telomerase was first discovered by Carol Greider in 1984, many geneticists and molecular biologists like her have already been puzzling over the observation that the tips of chromosomes are stabilised by telomeres. Telomeres are mere regions in the DNA in which sections of them are no longer copied during the process of cell division and chromosome replication (Vermolen 2005). But the fact that a small section of a telomere is not copied should result in shorter telomeres in the daughter cells. Strangely, this does not occur and scientists can only surmise that something maintains the length of the telomere and it could be an enzyme that is yet unknown. Then, on that fateful Christmas Day in 1984, Greider found the elusive enzyme through the use of autoradiography (Skloot 2001). The telomerase is the enzyme that is responsible for maintaining the genetic material found at the tips of the chromosomes. The Properties of Telomerase The telomerase is an enzyme and this brings to mind two basic characteristics. First, any enzyme is composed of a protein. In the case of telomerase, the protein is the RNA and it can be considered as a ribozyme (Brown 2005). And second, any enzyme is a natural catalyst of all chemical reactions within the body of an organism. This means that the telomerase facilitates a vital biochemical reaction. But the exact mechanism that the telomerase executes to maintain the length of the telomere during chromosomal replication can only be determined if the properties of it are known. And the properties can be known if the specific nature of the structure of the RNA is established. The telomerase is composed of two components, the essential RNA and the TERT. The latter, which stands for telomerase reverse transcriptase, is the catalytic protein. It â€Å"contains sequence motifs homologous to those in the catalytic domain of reverse transcriptase enzymes† (Chen Greider 2004, p. 14683). This is concluded because the TERT is remains the same in all eukaryotes. The structure of the RNA component, however, is more challenging to characterise. This is because the telomerase RNA varies in terms of size and sequence. Fortunately, the overall structure of the telomerase RNA in many ciliates and vertebrates was eventually established (Chen, Blasco Greider 2000). The common process utilized was the phylogenetic analysis (Tzfati 2003). However, the characterization of telomerase RNA did not reveal similarities. There are large differences among the telomerase RNA structures of different organisms. For example, the RNA of ciliates has a conserved sequence motif found in helix I (Lai 2002), where as the RNA of yeasts seeks several helical regions as the binding sites for the telomerase’s Est1 protein (Peterson et al 2001). Thus, there was a need to ascertain a core structure. This core structure is also referred to as the secondary Blackburn (2004) and her colleagues, by using telomerase RNAs of yeasts, proposed a core structure out of the process of delineating nucleotides and base pairings. They showed that a pseudoknot structure is an essential component of the telomerase RNA because it plays an important role during the binding process. Figure 1: The TERT binding and the pseudoknot The Functions of Telomerase The most obvious function of the telomerase, as stated before, is the maintenance of the length of the linear chromosomes of eukaryotes. This is carried out through a process known as reverse transcription. But, among scientists, this general statement is insufficient, especially before the advancing knowledge in biochemistry. And now that the structure of the telomerase is established, the next question to be answered is how the telomerase actually and specifically works. There is no consensus so far, but the results of various studies can be combined to form a better picture of the function of telomerase. Here are three of the most significant ones. First, it was firmly established by several studies that there is a long-range base-pairing that occurs at the Est2 binding site (Chappell Lundblad 2004; Dandjinou et al 2004; Lin et al 2004; Zapulla Cech 2004). Second, the pseudoknot performs various functions: binding at Est2 among yeasts and other replication-related activities among vertebrates (Livengood et al 2002). And third, the TERT proteins of the telomerase locate specific domains and these domains are referred to as motif T. This motif T is vital for RNA binding (Friedman Cech 1999; Kelleher et al 2002). The specific actions of the two components of the telomerase are vital towards the determining its applications. Current and Potential Applications of Telomerase There have been several misunderstandings about the application of telomerase in the field of biotechnology. The most popular false notion about telomerase is that it is the fountain of youth. Telomerase does not make a person stay young forever. What the telomerase can do is to support the replication of the chromosome and then, after many years, allow the state of senescence. It must be remembered that the telomerase only act upon the tips of the chromosomes and not on the lifestyle of a person. This implies that if a person decides to live a dangerous or unhealthy lifestyle, neither his telomerase nor any modification on this enzyme will ever prevent his early death. The telomerase does not immortalize any organism. But this does not mean that the telomerase has no significant application. One of the most significant applications of telomerase is in the field of oncology. That is, the telomerase has been found to act abnormally during the replication of cancer cells. In normal cells, the action of telomerase ceases right after the chromosomal replication. But in cancer cells, the telomerase remains active. Scientists assume that there must be some structural difference between the telomerase of normal cells and that of cancer cells. If the structural difference is found, it might be possible for molecular biologists to seek out cancerous cells by seeking the telomerase only. Then, a person who has cancer at the early stages can be diagnosed immediately and can utilize cancer therapeutic treatments that involve the inhibition of the abnormal telomerase (Shay et al 2001). Conclusion The discovery of the telomerase is one of the most significant events in science history. It can be considered as vital as the discovery of the double helix structure of the DNA. This is because this enzyme allows the accurate and regulated replication of the linear chromosomes of eukaryotes. But, just as the discovery of the enzyme was challenging, the establishment of its properties and functions are equally difficult to carry out. Yet, molecular biologists persevere and came up with interesting possible applications of telomerase. Bibliography Blackburn, EH, Lin, J, Ly, H, Hussain, A, Abraham, M, Pearl, S, Tzfati, Y, Parslow, TG 2004, ‘A universal telomerase RNA core structure includes structured motifs required for binding the telomerase reverse transcriptase protein’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 41, October, pp. 14713-14718, National Academy of Sciences pnas. 0405879101 viewed 10 September 2007, http://www. pnas. org/cgi/content/abstract/101/41/14713. Brown, J 2005, ‘What the Heck is an Enzyme’ Bugs in the News, viewed 10 September 2007, http://people. ku. edu/~jbrown/whatheck. html. Chappell, AS, Lundblad, V 2004, ‘Structural Elements Required for Association of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomerase RNA with the Est2 Reverse Transcriptase’ Molecular Cell Biology, 24: 7720-7736. Chen, JL, Blasco, MA, Greider, CW 2000, ‘Secondary structure of vertebrate telomerase RNA’ Cell, 100: 503-514. Chen, JL, Greider, CW 2004, ‘An emerging consensus for telomerase RNA structure’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 41, October, pp. 14683-14684, National Academy of Sciences pnas. 0406204101 viewed 10 September 2007, http://www. pnas. org/cgi/content/full/101/41/14683. Dandjinou, At, Levesque, N, Larose, S, Lucier, JF, Abou-Elela, S, Wellinger RJ 2004, ‘A phylogenetically based secondary structure for the yeast telomerase RNA’ Current Biology, 14: 1148-1158. Friedman, KL, Cech, TR 1999, ‘Essential functions of amino-terminal domains in the yeast telomerase catalytic subunit revealed by selection for viable mutants’ Genes Dev. 13: 2863–2874. Kelleher, C, Teixeira, MT, Forstemann, K, Lingner, J 2002, ‘Telomerase: biochemical considerations for enzyme and substrate’ Trends Biochem. Sci. 27: 572–579. Lai, CK, Miller, MC, Collins, K 2002, ‘Template boundary definition in Tetrahymena telomerase’ Genes Development, 16: 415–420. Lin, J, Ly, H, Hussain, A, Abraham, M, Pearl, S, Tzfati, Y, Parslow, TG, Blackburn, EH 2004, A universal telomerase RNA core structure includes structured motifs required for binding the telomerase reverse transcriptase protein’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 101, no. 41, October, pp. 14713-14718 Livengood, AJ, Zaug, AJ, Cech, TR 2002, ‘Essential Regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomerase RNA: Separate Elements for Est1p and Est2p Interaction’ Mol. Cell. Biol. 22: 2366–2374 Peterson, SE, Stellwagen, AE, Diede, SJ, Singer, MS, Haimberger, ZW, Johnson, CO, Tzoneva, M. Gottschling, DE 2001, ‘The function of a stem-loop in telomerase RNA is linked to the DNA repair protein Ku’ Nat. Genet. 27: 64–67. Shay, J, Zou, Y, Hiyama, E, Woodring, EW 2001, ‘Telomerase and cancer’ Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 677-685. Skloot, R 2001, ‘The Marvels of Telomerase’ Hopkins Medical News, winter 2001, viewed 10 September 2007, http://www. hopkinsmedicine. org/hmn/W01/top. html. Tzfati, Y, Knight, Z, Roy, J, Blackburn, E H 2003, A novel pseudoknot element is essential for the action of a yeast telomerase, Genes Development 17: 1779–1788. Vermolen, BJ, Garini, Y, Mai, S, Mougey, V, Fest, T, Chuang, TCY, Chuang, AYC, Wark, L, Young, IT 2005, ‘Characterizing the Three-Dimensional Organization of Telomeres’ Cytometry, 67A: 144-150. Zapulla, DC, Cech, TR 2004, ‘Yeast telomerase RNA: A flexible scaffold for protein subunits’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.

Digital Block For A Fucntion Generator :: essays research papers

Digital Block Design Design introduction The Digital Block is the heart of this digitally controlled function generator. Symmetry and frequency variation is direct result of the design of this block. In this design the emphasis was on simplicity and some target specifications at the top of the frequency variation were compromised in order to achieve greater simplicity. This design achieves 28 frequencies in the range of 100Hz to 100kHz. Whilst the 17 frequencies from the range 100Hz to 10kHz are symmetry variable in five steps from 0.1 to 0.5. The last eight frequencies only managed to achieve symmetry variations 0.5 and 0.25. This is due to some limiting factors that will be discussed later. The table of achievable frequencies can be found at the end of this report. User inputs are also digitally processed in this function generator and sent out as digital signals to other parts of this function generator namely the amplifier module. Also a filter selector circuit is built in after the digital block. The user inputs controlling frequency and symmetry are also built into this control block. Therefore it is clear that the digital block can be divided into 4 distinct blocks, each with its own functionality. These blocks are the control module, counter module, filter control module and 8-bit D/A. The D/A chosen is the DAC0801LCN. It’s specifications can be found in the appendix. The layout of this design is shown below. The interconnections will be discussed later but the thickness of the lines indicates the number of bits in the bus lines. As the name suggests the control module takes user inputs, processes them and sends them out to the respective modules. The functionality module generates the count, varying between 0 to 255 in 256 steps or in 64 steps. The 8-bit D/A changes this count into a wave and the filter selector module selects which filter in the filter block to pass the signal through. While extensive testing has been done on the functionality module, the control module and filter selector module are relatively simple and have not been tested due to the inability to do so. The control module consists primarily of switches and ROM’s while the filter selection module is made up of two analogue multiplexers. These modules are discussed in further detail in later sections. Control Module Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This block essentially converts user input into digital signals. We have four user inputs coming in, and five control signals outputted, with the extra output being generated internally.

Shakespeares Othello - Character Development of Iago, Desdemona and Ot

Character Development of Iago, Desdemona and Othello  Ã‚   The three characters of Iago, Desdemona and Othello are gradually revealed to the audience as Act One unfolds. All three are linked to one another and talk to and about each other. Their characters unfold through their interaction with others and how they behave in isolation. The first impression formed of Iago comes from what Roderigo says. Being gullible, Roderigo has given Iago his purse. A character who accepts an offer like this is likely to be of doubtful reputation. The first words spoken by Iago are a strong oath. Already it is obvious that he has little respect for religion. Iago also sees little point in fighting purely in theory. He despises Cassio, partly because he has never fought physically. It becomes apparent that Iago is the dominant one in his "friendship" with Roderigo. He talks the most and has many opinions. Iago looks down upon those who serve others and explains that he is only serving Othello for his own gain: "I follow him to serve my turn upon him" (1,1,42) Insulting Othello, by referring to him solely by his race, Iago begins to show his machiavellian nature. When Othello is needed by Iago to fulfil his plans, he acts as though he is his friend. Iago has no qualms about his deceitful actions. In order to rile anger in Brabantio, he wakes him with the news that his daughter has married Othello: " Rouse him, make after him, poison his delight" (1,1,69) Iago proceeds to tell the news of Desdemona and Othello's marriage to a shocked Brabantio. He uses offensive imagery, showing the extent to which he will go to win Brabantio's support against Othello. While not in the company of either Othello or Brabantio, Iago debases the marria... ...is his trust. He foolishly entrusts his new bride to Iago. Iago has already been depicted as an untrustworthy, scheming character and it is quite possible that he will take advantage of the new situation. Iago is straight away introduced as a dubious character. Having his fingers in Roderigo's purse show his interest in money. The language that he uses is vulgar and rude and he has no shame in his deceitful actions. In order to get what he wants, Iago will do anything. This includes insulting Desdemona, an innocent young woman who does not intend to harm anyone. Her sorrow at her divided loyalties shows this. Like her husband, Desdemona deals with situations carefully. Othello is the opposite of Iago in that he does not pride himself on killing people. It may be his strong point, but he feels that it should not be bragged about, especially in noble company.   

The BCS system versus the playoff system

The NCAA division 1-A football is different from the rest of the sports in that it uses the BCS system to determine its champions instead of the normal playoff system. The BCS includes a polling system to determine the two best teams in the country, who then play against each other at a bowl game and the team that wins becomes the overall national champion. It has been said to be a very complicated formula and less preferred than the play off system.Supporters of the adoption of a playoff system in the ongoing debate argue that the BCS system is making the football fans to miss the high level of excitement that is normally there in other tournaments. Others say that the true champion can only be determined in the field, so the BCS system should be denounced. This is a well put phrase, in that out of the possible 28 games, only one game counts. If a play off system was adopted, then the fans would have 16 team playoff matches to watch, which is obviously much more exciting compared to watching just one determining game.(Bruce Varnadore, Will College football ever have a playoff? ) The BCS system was modified in 2004 and some champion determinants such as the records set by the team, how strong their schedule is and numbers of their wins were eliminated. The new system then included polling, where the coaches and the Associated Press writers were required to vote in order to determine the champions. This means that the voter’s influence on who the champions should be in the current system is two-thirds, compared to that of the old system which was only a quarter, which makes the situation even worse than before.(James Alder, About. com). The National Council of Athletic Association should adopt the playoff instead of the BCS system that is still in use. It does not seem to understand that the best and most legitimate manner that a champion can be crowned is through establishing a playoff system. They may say that the BCS is a far much better way to look fo r a champion among American colleges, but the truth of the matter is that it is not. I believe that a champion should defend his title at the pitch through the action he shows, not by being voted in.This would not only create a lot of excitement for the fans, but it would also give more meaning and gusto to the beginning of the year. Arguments for the playoff. The playoff system would generate as much money as the BSC system. The estimated cash in flows are estimated to be between three to four hundred million dollars, and if this money was distributed fairly among all division 1-A schools, then each school could get approximately 2. 5 million dollars every season. (Bruce Varnadore, will college football ever have a playoff?) Deserving teams that have good players and who’ve got game are denied the chance to be in the competition for the national championship title. Such teams as the BYU, a non conference team, are not given an equal chance and are therefore left out. This is not only a waste of talent, but is also shows unfairness. The playoff system would establish who the champion is through a one on one competition among all the teams. This is the much preferred bowl among many football fans. A recent opinion poll showed that most people prefer the playoff system than the BSC system.The results were such that 82 percent of the respondents would love to see a change in the current bowl games system, BSC to a playoff. The playoff system has also been favored because it would at least minimize the doubts concerning who the national champions should be even if it would not completely eliminate them. The play off system would work out just as fine as it does in the other season's games. Those in favor of the BSC system have said that the playoff would take a longer season and student players would not have enough time to concentrate on their academic work.However, this is not true because the division 1-AA applies a 16 team playoff system, and most times finishes ten days to the New Year, much earlier than the division 1-A games. It would also be much easier to implement the aforementioned system just as the NCAA implemented the BSC system. Arguments against the BSC system. Firstly, the basis on which a national champion is selected is unfair because it is based on statistics of people’s preference and personal opinion instead on the performance in the pitch.Secondly, there have always been controversies on who the real winner should have been had the game not been judged on the polls, but on action performance. Thirdly, just a single off game can cause the team to be eliminated from the championship contention, and finally, the minor non-BSC conference teams are often disadvantaged because they never get the chance to contend at the championship games. These are just but a few of the many shortcomings of the BSC system that make the fans of the game wonder why the NCAA won’t just adopt the playoff system.(James Alder , About. com). I think its time that the NCAA woke up, realize that this is the 21st century and bring a lot more excitement to the field. The empty seats at many of the bowl games should be enough indicators to them. Moreover, the idea of â€Å"preserving the culture and the integrity of bowl games† has been labeled as a lame excuse to avoid implementing the playoff system. They need to know that football fans deserve the kind of action there used to be just a few years ago, from Rose, Sugar and Gator to the big games at Orange bowl.(Gilbert Don, College bowls on road to nowhere. ) Works Cited 1) Alder. J. BCS vs. Playoff System, 1/5/2006. About. com, Retrieved 1/15/2009 http://football. about. com/od/bowlchampionship/i/bcsvsplayoffs. htm 2) Gilbert Don, College bowls on road to nowhere, January 4th 2009, HOF blog, Retrieved 1/16/2009: http://blog. hofmag. com/2009/01/04/college-bowls-on-road-to-nowhere/ 3) Varnadore Bruce, will college football ever have a playoff? 2003, Co llege football, Retrieved 1/16/2009: http://iml. jou. ufl. edu/projects/Spring03/Varnadore/index. htm

911 Narrative Essay

The Power of Words September 15th, 2001. â€Å"That moment was when I learned the importance of words. Whether you may be angry, sad, or happy, you must use your words wisely. Love everyone, and tell them so every day†(George Phoenix. ) ______________________________________________________________________________ Morning of September 11th, 2001. Phoenix went to the cafeteria to get his usual coffee, milk and Danish. Returning from the cafe with his food, he entered into an elevator heading to his office on the 67th floor. The tight space was uncomfortably cold and silent, with extremely strange yet catchy elevator music playing.Prior to work he had gotten into an argument with his wife and as he slowly sipped his coffee savoring every ounce of it, he was contemplating the words he would say to her when he returned home. Five other men crowded into the elevator: Four were everyday workers in the twin towers, and the other was the monthly window washer. The smell of cleaning pr oducts and expensive cologne began to take over the air. You could see it on every face waiting for their stop that it was about to be a long day. The drawn out elevator ride was almost over. Only eighteen more floors to go and it would be time for him to sit down and rest his body.Suddenly, as the elevator hit the 50th floor, there was a large â€Å"boom† and the elevator began to bang violently from side to side. One of the men reached over and pressed the emergency button. As they all sat frustrated and worried waiting for a response, they became incredibly antsy. After what seemed like an agonizing amount of time, the operator informed them frantically that the building was under attack, and the loud â€Å"boom† they heard was a plane crashing into the building. The mood of the elevator drastically transformed from frustration to pure fear.As the smoke quickly became overwhelming, George instinctively grabbed his hanker chief and dipped it into his milk. He recalle d once being instructed that a wet cloth covering the face will help a person breathe during a fire emergency. Never having thought he would actually be in a situation that would put such a trick to use, he found the situation unfathomable. Wisely, they decided to keep calm and think of a way out. The window washer grabbed his squeegee and used all his might in an attempt to pry the doors open, asking with strained breathes for the others to join in and help.As a result, they finally got the doors open. George felt a sense of relief, as they were sliding the door open, but was hit by reality when he was met with two giant, painted letters – 50. Right in front of the doors; in front of his escape to enjoy the rest of his life with his beautiful wife, was a wall offering no escape. Then and there he pulled out his phone and dialed his wife, only to discover that there was no signal. The frustration he had towards himself was overflowing. All he could think about was how meaning less were. The frustration then gave him a kick to push on.He began to pierce through the wall with the metal end of the squeegee. After piercing a small hole the men all crowded around it trying to breathe in every bit of fresh oxygen they could. As a group, they worked towards kicking at the wall. Eventually they were able to create a hole big enough to crawl through. Before long George and the other men were discovered by a firefighter and led down the stairs. Every step he took he thought about hurrying home to his wife and saying the things he should’ve said before he left. Phoenix is a hero. His focus and ability to stay calm under pressure was phenomenal.There are many lessons a person could get out of this incredible story. But I think there was one extremely important lesson Mr. Phoenix wanted people to learn out of his story. That 43 minutes of his life taught George the importance of words, and that no matter what your emotion may be, you must use your words wisely . The day a person’s life is taken away remains unknown. Each life and therefore each day in a life is precious and should be valued. No matter what may be going on in life, keep your head held high and tell everyone that you love how much they mean to you. You never know when or what your last words may be to someone.

Characters and Plot in the Black Gold Essay

It is not so frequent to find a novel written with an animal as the main character and the story revolving primarily around him. Nevertheless, there are writers like Marguerite Henry who writes animal stories with so much fascination and passion, one of which is the Black Gold. It was based on true-to-life experiences set during the early 1990s in Oklahoma and Kentucky. Mixing her vast knowledge about the topic and her creative talent in writing, Marguerite Henry was able to weave a story with extraordinary characters confronted with extraordinary conflicts. Brief Summary The story evolved in the story of a colt named Black Gold, following his adventures being a race horse. He was regarded by many as weak and not good in racing since he possesses a smaller body compared to other horses. But through the help of his trainer Hanley Webb and rider Jaydee Mooney, the colt started to win and finally gained victory in the Kentucky Derby. His success continued to flourish until he got injured in one of the races he joined. His leg got a quarter crack. Eventually, the colt died. Black Gold was given a burial in the middle of a field in New Orleans. Analysis of the Characters Being an animal is not a reason to live a life less simple. It is very much evident in the story of Black Gold. His life is consisted of complex occurrences that can be considered as more intricate when compared to lives of other people. His birth was a product of a dream. Al Hoots, the owner of Black Gold’s mother named U-See-It, dreamt that if he will breed U-See-It to a leading sire, the mare shall give birth to the horse that will win in the Kentucky Derby. As a result, Hoots tried to mate U-See-It to a stallion named Black Toney. The money Hoots used came from the oil that during that time was being excavated from their land in Oklahoma. Here is where the name Black Gold originated. Among the individuals who imparted time and dedication to Black Gold was his rider Jaydee Mooney. Jaydee Mooney was the one who initially believed in the capacity and talent of Black Gold: â€Å" †¦us Mooneys always try. We do our best†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( p. 108). However, his spirit was pushed into limits when Black Gold got injured several days before the Derby: † †¦ It was the first loss for the team of Black Gold and Jaydee Mooney. Was it the soreness in his foot showing up again-the same trouble he’d had the week before the Derby? †¦ † (p. 143). Nevertheless, Jaydee Mooney proved to be not only as a rider but a friend as well to Black Gold, especially when the horse died. Analysis of the Plot Since the book was based from true stories and actual experiences, Marguerite Henry wrote it by narrating events in chronological order. Although written in this manner, the book is not boring and dragging to read. It is because the plot itself is a compelling one that catches and drawn immediately the attention of its readers. She used literary devices so as to show her creativity and mastery in handling and writing a topic such as that presented in the book. Henry was also successful in presenting transition of events. Every chapter in the book promises a more interesting and intense happenings from previous events and chapters. In addition, Henry was effective in inflicting transitional devices that guide the readers while reading. The use of illustrations in the book helped in the proper interpretation of events in the story since the readers will be carefully guided while going on through the story. However, the use of these illustrations somehow gives an impression that Black Gold is a children’s book. But all in all, the story’s plot, as well as the book in general, was a well- crafted depiction of an extraordinary tale. Reference Henry, M. ( 1957). Black Gold. Illinois: Rand McNally

EXAM 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

EXAM 1 - Essay Example Company reconciles these claims with its financial records that shows more growth through QSR.(Dunkin 2012 Annual Report p. 6) Long term mission of Dunkin Brand is to focus on long term sustainability. They have leveraged their expertise on research and development to come up with ideas that could help their stakeholders. To help their franchisees save on energy and water, save on costs for simple repairs, and engage in energy efficiency, Dunkin came up with a toolkit that solves this problem. It is also developing resources for a sustainable packaging solutions, and working on reusable cups and spoon.Dunkin is completing its research of sourcing of sourcing cage-free eggs and gestation crate-free pork by 2013. It also gives financial support to the local community through its various programs.(Riley, Christine.2013) Remote environment factors are issues which business have little or no control at all. For this reason, I consider economic factors as number one because it deals a lot on the economy of the company which it operates. i. e. the tendency of people to spend, availability of credit, level of disposable income, and trends of growth which could not be controlled by the organization. I ranked Social factors as second because understanding lifestyles of people, values, beliefs and opinions are significant in business decisions but business can go along with it. Political factors is ranked third, because following government regulations can be worked out; technological factors as fourth because it can be accepted as innovations and designs could be improved and last is ecological factors. This is the relations of the company to other living things such as air, soil and water which could be corrected through its CSR relations The number one competitive force shaping strategy of Dunkin is product adaptation and availability. Instead of developing new product, it focuses on growing the market

Individual project 1 lab science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Individual project 1 lab science - Essay Example nd water occurs as a result of percolation processes that involve water movements from the surface into the inner profiles below the earths surface where it is banked in aquifers. Ground water sources are, however, exhaustible where infiltration rates are reduced beyond extraction rates. Case studies of four regions were sampled and used in this study to analyze various human activities taking place in four cities. Human activities such as; urban sprawl, industrialization, and the extent of deforestation were then observed, surveyed and compared with data from secondary resources. Population data was acquired form the population tallying units for the four regions and interpolated against human activities and groundwater properties. Geological surveys were then conducted to determine the quality and quantity of ground water in the four regions, and his data was as well compared to past literature records. Precipitation data was acquired from the meteorological records from eight meteorological stations in the regions. The population of the four regions had consistently increased from 1980- 2000. There was also a remarkable increase in the extent of human activities over the earth’s surface such as agricultural expansions, expansion in the sizes of urban centers found in these regions as well as the establishment of more of such. Precipitation data from meteorological surveys showed reduced precipitation amounts over the period included in the study. Ground water surveys revealed reduced quantities as well as lowered PH, increased acidity. Human activities and climate change and variability are the prime threats to the existence of underground water resources. Mans activities such as deforestation reduce the rates of water infiltration by increasing surface runoffs, as a result, the groundwater banks diminish in size in such regions. Moreover, other human activities such as industrialization and pollution (Pahl-Wostl, 2007) are very detrimental to groundwater

Process Analysis Essay on Bias in Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process Analysis on Bias in Research - Essay Example In regards to the research process, Knox (2010) stated that bias is inaccuracy in data that arises from the manipulated method of data collection and analysis that was employed in the research process.  In regards to the research process, Knox (2010) stated that bias is inaccuracy in data that arises from the manipulated method of data collection and analysis that was employed in the research process.  With reference to the writings by Sharot (2012, P. 8), cognitive bias is described as â€Å"mental errors that arise from simplified information strategies.† Hammersley (1999) further added that cognitive biases are mental errors that are predictable and consistent, and they differ from biases because they are not caused by the personal interest that leads to an inclination towards a preferred outcome. This, therefore, means that cognitive bias is caused by subconscious mental strategies that are used during information processing.   The impact of bias on research, why and how it is important to know bias When a researcher has a bias in the research process then it means that he or she will set the research design in a biased manner in order to obtain the preferred results. Additionally, the data collection process, as well as the sources, will be skewed in a manner that will conform to the results that the research prefers to obtain. To reinforce further the biases, the researcher will manipulate the data analysis process to be reassured of achieving the desired findings or results.   Osterlind (1983) stated that biases in the research process lead to the attainment of results that are not very real or factual more so when the findings are compared with the findings obtained from a research process that was unbiased. Osterlind (1983) further stated that when a research process is conducted through bias then the recommendations from the research are likely to be ineffective or invalid. This is because; the anal ysis of the problem was conducted from a biased perspective rather than from a factual perspective.   Weisberg (2010) in his writings summarily stated that the impact of bias on research is that it lowers or eliminates credibility in the entire research process and even the credibility of the research findings. Additionally, a biased researcher will also suffer from credibility issues and his or her research proficiency may be brought into question as to whether they are genuine or not.

A Research On Earthquake Resistant Building Construction Term Paper

A Research On Earthquake Resistant Building Construction - Term Paper Example The big question that remains begging for answers, therefore, is as to why Haiti had so many casualties as compared to San Francisco. Joyce (2010) of NPR news agency observed that â€Å"most buildings hardly met engineering standards and were significantly fragile to withstand an earthquake of such a magnitude.† Then why did the Haitians, and more so their government, allowed such buildings to be constructed? The answer is simple; most Haitian and low-income earners and can barely afford to build similar to those found in San Francisco or New York, for instance. Effective architectural design, proper choice of structural components, and adherence to construction code of ethics guarantee the development of affordable earthquake resistant buildings that are less affected by earthquakes.Earthquakes refer to sudden movements or shaking of the earth surface. It could be man-made, for instance, those caused by heavy machinery, or natural that are often caused by geological process o ccurring from within the earth surface. When it occurs, weak structures end up being destroyed. There are several reasons that cause building to fail in the event of an earthquake. For example, at the instance that an earthquake strikes, the vertical and horizontal movements cause the building to shift from its position of rest. However, due to forces of inertia, the building's weight somehow changes and, hence, causing failure of the building. Also, the material used in the construction of the building contributes to this failure.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Undercover Officers Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Undercover Officers - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the use of undercover as an investigative technique has grown into all areas of criminal investigations in most of the countries. Though an undercover officer’s job is an exciting one, it consists of a lot of challenges and risks. â€Å"It’s perfectly legal for undercover officers and informants to engage in criminal activity to protect their cover. Because of the serious threats to their lives, while facing extreme terrorists and criminals, undercover officers are legally allowed to engage in any sort of activities to protect their lives. They can even kill the suspected people if there is no other option to capture them alive. â€Å"Undercover officers are legally allowed to lie when you inquire whether they’re law enforcement personnel.   It does no good to ask, â€Å"Are you a cop?†Ã‚   Undercover cops can just reply, â€Å"Of course not.† As part of their duty, undercover officers need not tell truths all the times. They can manipulate stories and even they can tell utter lies to execute their mission effectively. The aim or target is most important for the undercover officers rather than the method used to reach the target. â€Å"To those engaged in police investigations, undercover operations offer the opportunity for increased efficiency. They allow you to penetrate criminal organizations not susceptible to other investigative techniques.† (Burton) Criminals have well-defined methods to tackle any kind of operations from the police because they are able to watch and act based on the police activities because of their known identity. On the other hand, because of the unknown identity of the undercover officers, criminals may not get enough information about the actions and procedures of these officers and also most of the undercover operations occur unexpectedly. The criminals may not get enough time for preparation or resistance in most of the undercover operati ons.

Mary Whiton Calkins Essay Example for Free

Mary Whiton Calkins Essay In the early days of psychology there were few female psychologists who had any type of impact on the field of psychology. There was sex discrimination and it was a common belief that women were inferior to men. Mary Whiton Calkins was able to beat the odds and have a long lasting legacy in psychology. She is considered one of the pioneers in psychology and is credited with a major theoretical contribution of self-psychology, which was centered on the idea that all consciousness is personal. Calkins overcame discrimination from both students and scholars and succeeded in inventing a procedure that was historic; paired associate learning, which has become the standard method in cognitive research (Goodwin, 2008). Mary Whiton Calkins was born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1863. She was the oldest of five children; their parents encouraged their education, especially the study of languages and cultures (Furumoto, 1980). Calkins did graduate from high school in Newton Massachusetts and began Smith College in 1882 as a sophomore. Unfortunately, in 1883, her sisters illness and subsequent death caused her to decide to study Greek at home the following year. However Calkins returned to Smith College in 1884 as a senior, and graduated with a concentration in classics and philosophy in 1885. In 1887, after graduating from Smith College, she was hired to teach Greek at Wellesley College. She had been teaching for three years when she was offered she was offered a position teaching in the new area of psychology (Goodwin, 2008). In 1890 Wellesley finally offered Calkins the position, with the condition that she would study psychology for a year. There were very few psychology programs available at that time, and even fewer that would accept women applicants. This made it difficult for her to have the one year of study needed to teach the subject of psychology. During the following year Calkins also worked unofficially at the psychology laboratory at Clark University with Edmund Sanford. He also assisted Calkins in the creation of a psychology lab for Wellesley College, equipped with state of the art equipment. That psychology lab officially opened in 1891, the same year that Calkins began teaching psychology at Wellesley (Goodwin, 2008). After being invited to sit in on some of the lectures at Harvard, Calkins formally requested that she be allowed to sit in on these lectures. She decided to try to take classes at the Harvard Annex taught by Josiah Royce, a Harvard professor, because the Annex was not an official part of Harvard University. Royce, however, pushed her to try to attend regular Harvard classes because not all of his classes were available through the Annex. Charles Eliot, the president of Harvard, believed strongly that the two sexes should be educated separately. But it was not until the pressure applied to him from both James and Royce was combined with a petition from Calkins father and a letter from the president of Wellesley College that Eliot finally agreed in 1892. Calkins would be allowed to attend James and Royces seminars on psychology, but it was officially stated that she would not be a student of the University entitled to registration. (Furumoto, 1980). Calkins felt like she needed to do more graduate work. She continued teaching while simultaneously studying with J. Munsterberg until 1894 when she studied full-time for a year. At that time Munsterberg petitioned Harvard to admit Calkins as a Ph. D. candidate, but was refused. The Harvard psychology department held an informal examination of Calkins, which she passed in 1895. The same year, while at Harvard, Calkins presented her theses, where she completed a series of experimental studies on association. She developed a procedure known as paired-associate learning (Goodwin, 2008). Her subjects first studied stimulus-response pairs comprised of sequentially presented color patches and numbers, and then they tried to recall the umber responses when shown the color stimuli. Her results showed that recall was enhanced by each of the four factors: frequency, vividness, recency, and primacy. These four conditions could strengthen associations, and found that frequency was the most important. (Goodwin, 2008). Calkins then returned to Wellesley College where she continued to teach until her retirement in 1927. From about 1900, her publications became less research-oriented as she developed her major theoretical contribution to psychology, self-psychology. Calkins maintained that psychology could be the study of mental life, but that the central fact of psychology must be that all consciousness contains an element of the self (Goodwin, 2008). In 1900, Calkins published her first article on a system of psychology of the self, a topic which became her primary focus. Over the next thirty years, Calkins continued to present, develop, and defend her theory of self-psychology, gradually moving more towards philosophy and away from the psychological trend towards behaviorism. There is evidence that her primary interest was always philosophy rather than psychology. She was teaching psychology for almost a decade before another faculty member trained in psychology joined the philosophy department. (Furumoto, 1980). In 1905, Calkins became the first woman elected president of the American Psychological Association. As her interests shifted to philosophy, she became the first woman elected president of the other APA, the American Philosophical Association in 1918. All of her work in philosophy as well as psychology came to center around the importance of self. She used it as a way to reconcile competing theoretical schools of thought including structuralism and functionalism (Furumoto, 1980). She believed that self-psychology was a method of resolving disputes between structuralism, which analyzes consciousness in to its basic elements, and functionalism, which focuses on how consciousness serves to adapt the individual to the environment (Goodwin, 2008). Among her major contributions to psychology are the invention of the paired associate’s technique and her work in self based psychology. Calkins believed that the conscious self was the primary focus of psychology. Despite Mary Whiton Calkins contributions, Harvard maintains its refusal to grant the degree she earned and her influence on psychology is often overlooked by both scholars and students. She was passionate about her beliefs, even when Harvard was going to award her a PhD. from Radcliffe College; she refused to accept the degree because she did not agree with the â€Å"injustice of unequal treatment of the sexes based on the implicit assumption that there are inherent differences in their mentalities† (Furumoto, 1980). Mary Whiton Calkins was a pioneer in psychology. She was responsible for the creation of a method of memorization called the paired associate technique, founder of one of the early psychological laboratories in the United States, and creator of a system of self-psychology (Furumoto, 1980). Conclusion Mary Whiton Calkins was a prolific writer in both psychology and philosophy, publishing four books and over a hundred papers divided among the fields. In addition to being the first woman president of the American Psychological Association, Calkins also served as president of the American Philosophical Association in 1918. The topics Mary Whiton Calkins studied in psychology covered a wide range including dream research, animal consciousness, and memorization. In 1892 she presented a report on a dream study that she had worked on with Sanford at the first meeting of the APA. Thirteen years later she was elected president of that same organization. In 1895 she returned to Wellesley as an associate professor, and in 1898 she became a full professor, a position she held until she retired in 1927 (Furumoto, 1980). On February 26, 1930, Calkins died of inoperable cancer, one year after retiring from Wellesley as a Research Professor and turning over that department to Eleanor Gamble. Her teaching career spanned forty two years. She died with two honorary degrees, a doctor of letters from Columbia University and a doctor of laws from Smith College. However, she never received the degree that she worked for at Harvard. In 1927 a group of Harvard alumni petitioned the president of Harvard requesting that the university grant Calkins her Ph. D. , but they were denied (Furumoto, 1980).

Premier Inn Is The Uks Biggest Hotel Chain Marketing Essay

Premier Inn Is The Uks Biggest Hotel Chain Marketing Essay Premier Inn is the UKs largest hotel brand, with over 40,000 rooms and more than 578 hotels. First of all the name of premier Inn was Travel Inn which was established 1987. Premier has been owned by  Whitbread which has the main aim of eat, sleep and drink,  during its entire operation .The Premier Inn was established to compete with the Travelodge  brand owned by Lord Forte .The Company provides 70% of the total earnings of Whitbread. In 2004,  Whitbread  acquired Premier Lodge for  £505 million.  This added more 141 hotels and all the hotels were branded as Premier Travel Inn by Whitbread. Premier Travel Inn was soon shortened to Premier Inn. Premier Inn hotels are mainly found in city centres or on major A-roads. They are rarely found in motorway service areas. Premier Inn has restaurants and bar as Whitbread is historically a brewery. Award-winning Premier Inn is the UKs largest and fastest-growing hotel brand.   Premier Inn bedrooms feature en-suite bathroom, TV with Free view, and Wi-Fi internet access. Premier Inn offers customers a money-back Good Night Guarantee of a good quality room, comfortable surroundings and friendly service, which is unique amongst Britains leading hotel chains. Premier Inn was the first Britain-wide hotel group to sign up with national tourist board Visit Britain; this means Premier Inn is now part of a new quality assessment scheme, specially created for budget accommodation.   OVERVIEW- This project is done in order to fulfil the curriculum as Advanced Diploma in Hospitality. This project is done to find out whether Premier Inn is able to provide the best customer service in UK. This project provides the overall customer services provided by the Premier Inn. It contains customer services at the hotel, online, foods provided by the hotel, its achievement and its weakness. DESCRIPTION- Premier Inn from customer service view:- Premier Inn provides various facilities for the customers. They provide high quality of rooms, quality restaurants and family friendly environment. The main qualities/features of Premier Inn are as follows- 1. Friendly Environment 2. Comfortable Rooms 3. Quality Restaurants 4. Great for kids 5. Great environment for groups 6. Ideal for lone travellers 7. Ideal for business 8. Located Everywhere Friendly Environment: Premier Inn greets the customers with warm welcome. Staffs of premier Inn are highly qualified and skilled. They are very polite with the customers. They are ready to help the customers at any time. Every staffs are instructed to be dedicated towards the care of the customers. Premier Inn has the feeling that customers are their guests and they have the aim that guest are always to be treated as good and as better as possible. From welcoming to serving the foods staffs are fully alert not to give any chance of complains against them. Thats why Premier Inn stands high shouting we are best hotels providing best facilities in UK. From the moment of arrival of customer to the departure of customers there are friendly staffs to make the stay more comfortable and the front desks are manned 24 hrs a day. Comfortable Rooms: Fig- Comfortable rooms provided by Premier Inn hotels. Premier Inn provides king size Hypnos beds which are highly comfortable to sleep in. They have cosy forgery duvets and pillows. They are soft that one feels great to sleep on it. Premier Inn has powerful showers in all rooms and baths in. Both hot and cold showers are available. They also have free view TV with 80 TV and radio channels. One can view any channels or TV stations staying in premier. They also provide free WIFI internet and also desk if anyone needs to work in the room. Its easier to use internet in Premier Inn .Premier Inn has got high speed internet facilities. They also provide shower gel, tea and coffee making facilities and a hair dryer. Premier Inn has blackout curtains for peaceful nights sleep. Quality restaurants and bars: Fig- Bar of Premier Inn hotel There is no doubt that Premier Inn can be the best place for drinking because Whitbread the owner of Premier Inn is historically a brewery. Every Premier Inn hotel has restaurants. Premier Inn is very conscious towards the fact that they are to provide tasty and high quality food. The main reason of having restaurants is that they can make their customers sure that they serve tasty meal and snacks. If a customer has the fond of drinking then the best place for him/her to drink is at the licensed bars of Premier Inn. He/she can enjoy the best drinks of the world in very friendly environment. He/she can have the relaxing drink at the end. Fig- tasty and delicious food provided Great for kids: Fig- Kids enjoying in Premier Inn and Offers given by Premier Inn Premier Inn has great fun for kids and a great value offer for parents. Premier Inn offers spacious family rooms. They dont charge extra cost. Kids under 16s can stay free. Not only that they arent charged for breakfast. Premier Inn says Stay with us from just  £29 a night and see why we were awarded the Tommys Parent Friendly Award for Best Family Travel Facilities in 2007 and 2008. Every family room has a double bed and two comfy pull out beds or sofa beds. Premier Inn also provides cots for babies too. Moreover dont forget that fewer than 16s stay for free. Premier in provides such exciting offers that helps to keep kids amused even though when a customer is away. Premier Inn provides activity packs for kids which are absolutely free. Activity pack contains a story book, activity book, colouring sheet and pencils. Almost all our hotel restaurants have a childrens menu offering food thats packed with natural goodness but tastes great too. Great environment for groups: Fig- Groups enjoying the party in Premier Inn Premier Inn can be ideal choice for the groups to stay in. Premier Inn describes booking of five or more rooms as group booking. Premier Inn provides the facilities of booking the five or more rooms. Customers should just follow the procedure and fill up the form and you can stay in Premier Inn with your group. Groups can be in Premier Inn for celebrating parties or birthdays. Premier Inn promises such groups to provide the best and excellent services. Grouping can be excellent in Premier Inn as it is fun as well as it is great value for the groups as the hotel charges only GBP 29 pounds a night. Celebrating parties and birthdays for groups in Premier Inn can be ideal because Premier Inn hotels have restaurants and bars along with them. There is not going to be any problem of foods and drinks for the parties. Its great in the party view of point. Ideal for lone travellers: Fig-sound and safe stay in Premier Inn Premier Inn pays great attention in the safety of the customers. Premier has number of simple security measures that ensures that costumers have safe, comfortable and enjoyable stay away from home. Some of the simple security measures followed by the Premier Inn to protect the customers are given below: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Premier Inn handles the room details to the customers when they check in and the details are provided discreetly. Room details are not said loud so they arent heard by the people around. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mostly Premier Inn provides single female travellers rooms that are not on the ground floor or at the end of a corridor. They pay great attention to the safety of lone female travellers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Every Premier Inn has a door entry system and only Premier Inn guests can enter after 11pm at night. No other persons except the customers are allowed after 11 pm in Premier Inn. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Receptions of Premier Inn are manned 24 hours a day, so there is always someone on hand to help à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Every bedroom door in Premier Inn is fitted with a deadlock or chain. It helps to keep the customers safe and confident. Ideal for business: Fig- Hot desk and Meeting rooms of Premier Inn Premier Inn is not only better for the lone, groups or families. Its fabulous in the business point of view also. Effective meeting rooms can be found in Premier Inn. Premier Inn meeting rooms can be boardrooms, theatre or U- shaped. Premier Inn also provides hot desks, business lounges, own office and working lunch too. Hot desk- Premier Inn provides selected private area where one can get online facilities and work in comfort and quiet. Hot desk provides the perfect peaceful environment for work. Premier inn also offers the business lounge entry and unlimited Costa coffee and tea which are already included in the price. It means that they are free. Business Lounges: Premier Inn also provides the business lounges. Business lounges are ideal for the informal meetings. Premier Inn provides the facilities of business lounge which is furnished with comfy chairs and sofas, and is a great area. Premier Inn ensures the availability of teas and Costa coffee all day in business lounge. Own working office: Premier Inn provides all the things necessary in an office. Printers, photocopiers, faxes, telephones and internet offices are provided by the Premier Inn. But these facilities are only available in each of touch base business centres of Premier Inn. There you can find everything that you need to work and stay in touch when you are away from the office. Working lunch: Work and lunch are like nail and flesh for a person. Premier Inn respects these facts so it provides working lunch to the customers. Lunchtime is the chance to refuel and clear ones head. Premier Inn provides sandwiches, which is served in the meeting room or in the business lounge. Its just the decision of the customer where to serve and Premier Inn is ready to serve the customers anywhere. Alternatively there are restaurants where one can eat after their work. Located everywhere: Premier Inn is the brand that has over 500 hotels all over UK and Ireland. This means that Premier Inn hotels are located in everywhere in UK. They can be found in the most of the cities and towns of UK. Premier Inn is also found close to many popular tourist areas. They are also found in seaside towns and airports. They are also along with the major roads. All these hotels have restaurant or bar onsite. They serve freshly prepared breakfast, lunch and dinner as well as refreshments. Drinks are heart of Premier Inn and Whitbread. Details of Foods and Drinks Offered By Premier Inn to Its Customers: Premier Inn meal: Cooked Breakfast Selection Premium Pork Sausages Succulent and meaty, seasoned with nutmeg and sage Vegetarian Sausages Made with sautà ©ed leek Back Bacon Eggs Freshly scrambled, fried, poached or boiled Continental Breakfast Selection Kelloggs Cereals Soya, a non-dairy alternative to milk is available on request Granola Creations Granola cereal with your choice of yoghurt, dried fruit and fresh fruit salad toppings Porridge Please order from a member of our breakfast team Bloomer Bread Thick sliced white and malted wheat Croissants Freshly baked Muffins Blueberry and Double Chocolate Fresh Fruit Salad A refreshing mix of red and green sliced apples, pineapple, grapes and orange segments YeoValley Organic Yoghurts Pro biotic and suitable for vegetarians Twinning Teas Everyday, Decaffeinated, Lemon Ginger, Peppermint, Blackcurrant, Ginseng Vanilla, Camomile and Green Tea Chilled Fruit Juices Orange, Apple and Pomegranate juice drink http://www.premierinn.com/en/admin/restaurants/brands/Table_Table.pdf.bodyrestaurantinfo.Single.PackageBreakfastMenuPdfFile.tmp/PackageBreakfastMenu.pdf Premier Inn meal dinner: Starters Seasonal Soups: Made from seasonal vegetables. Served with a chunk of tiger bread Prawn Cocktail: Served on crisp salad leaves with tomato, cucumber, a classic Marie Rose sauce and brown bread Chicken Pepper Skewers Succulent chicken breast and mixed pepper skewers, served with your choice of either: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Smoky Chilli BBQ Sauce à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Blue Cheese Jalapeà ±o Sauce Garlic Herb Breaded Mushrooms Great for dipping in garlic mayonnaise and BBQ sauce Mains Matured Rump Steak Served with watercress, roasted cherry tomatoes, a fl at mushroom and chunky chips Rope-grown Scottish Mussels In a creamy white wine sauce with a chunk of tiger bread and your choice of chunky chips or mixed salad Spinach Ricotta Ravioli (v) Ravioli smothered in a rich tomato sauce, topped with fresh rocket and cheese shavings. Served with a chunk of tiger bread and a mixed salad Chicken Fajitas Strips of pepper, onion and chicken breast in Cajun spices. Served with warm tortillas, guacamole, sour cream, tomato salsa and grated Cheddar cheese Lamb, Chicken Breast or Beef Burger Served in a sesame seed bun, with chunky chips, coleslaw and your choice of topping: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ BBQ Topping: Battered whole onion rings and BBQ sauce à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New Yorker Topping: A rasher of back bacon and grated Cheddar cheese à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Swiss Topping: Sautà ©ed mushrooms and grated Cheddar cheese à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Smothered Topping: A rasher of back bacon, grated Cheddar cheese and BBQ sauce à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Spicy Blue Topping: Blue cheese jalapeà ±o sauce à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Texican Topping: Cajun spiced vegetables http://www.premierinn.com/en/admin/restaurants/brands/Table_Table.pdf.bodyrestaurantinfo.Single.PackageDinnerMenuPdfFile.tmp/PackageDinnerMenu.pdf Premier Inn kids Meal: Starters Nachos Covered in melted Cheddar cheese and served with dipping pots of mayonnaise and tomato salsa Potato Wedges Covered in melted Cheddar cheese and served with dipping pots of mayonnaise and tomato salsa Garlic Bread Two slices of garlic bread Dessert: available for children up to the age of 10 Fondue Banana pieces and Belgian waffle e served with a dipping pot of either warm toffee or chocolate flavour fudge sauce Mini Chocolate Indulgence Belgian chocolate truffle ice-cream, chocolate brownies and marshmallows topped with a whip of cream, chocolate crunch and chocolate flavour fudge sauce Ice Cream Made in the Chiltern Hills from a blend of milk from Jersey cows and double cream. Vanilla ice cream served with a crispy wafer and your choice of one of the following sauces, strawberry, toffee or chocolate flavour fudge sauce Jelly and Ice Cream Strawberry jelly and vanilla ice cream Fruit Salad Fresh seasonal fruit salad with vanilla ice cream Chicken Dinner Half a grilled chicken breast served with mash, roast potatoes, carrots, a Yorkshire pudding, garden peas and gravy Chicken Nuggets Six chicken nuggets made with chicken breast, served with chips and garden peas Spaghetti Bolognese Topped with Cheddar cheese and served with a slice of garlic bread Beef Burger Beef burger in a sesame seed bun, served with chips and baked beans Cheese and Bacon Burger Beef burger topped with Cheddar cheese and bacon, in a sesame seed bun. Served with chips and baked beans Fish and Chips Half a portion of hand-battered fish served with chips and garden peas Minced Beef Onion Pie Served with chips, garden peas and gravy Chicken Wrap Two soft tortillas, strips of grilled chicken breast, slices of red pepper and cucumber, grated Cheddar cheese and tomato salsa Vegetarian Wrap (v) Two soft tortillas, slices of red pepper and cucumber, carrot, cabbage, onion, grated Cheddar cheese and tomato salsa Veggie Sausages and Mash (v) Two Quorn sausages served with mash, corn on the cob, a Yorkshire pudding and gravy Create Your Own Pizza Marguerite pizza with your choice of two of the following toppings: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ham à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Bacon à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Pineapple à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mushrooms Chicken Curry A mild and tasty curry. Chicken breast pieces in a creamy korma sauce, served with basmati rice Tomato Pasta Penne pasta in a tomato sauce, sprinkled with Cheddar cheese and served with a slice of garlic bread http://www.premierinn.com/en/admin/restaurants/brands/Table_Table.pdf.bodyrestaurantinfo.Single.OptMenu1MenuPdfFile.tmp/OptionalMenu1.pdf Premier Inn drinks: Soft Drinks- Draught Pepsi, Diet Pepsi, R Whites Lemonade Bottle Coca Cola and Diet Coke J20 Orange Passion fruit, Apple Mango, Apple Blueberry, Apple Raspberry or Grape Kiwi flavour Orange Juice or Apple Juice Strathmore Still Water 330ml or 1 Litre Strathmore Sparkling Water 330ml or 1 Litre Robinsons Fruit Shoot Intensely fruity, low sugar, juice drink. Available in Apple Blackcurrant or Orange flavour Robinsons Fruit Shoot H2O Spring water drink with natural fruit flavours. Choose from Blackcurrant or Orange flavour Capri Sun Orange juice drink Liqueur Coffees: After your meal, enjoy a Costa Coffee with your choice of spirit à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Baileys Irish Cream à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Famous Grouse Whisky à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lambs Navy Rum à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Courvoisier VS Cognac à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Disaronno Amaretto à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cointreau Costa Coffee Solo Doppio Espresso Short, strong and black Espresso Macchiato Espresso with a dash of frothed milk Primo Medium Regular Large Cappuccino Espresso topped with steamed, frothed milk and a sprinkling of chocolate Cafe Latte Espresso with steamed milk Americano Espresso with hot water Mocha Espresso with chocolate, topped with steamed, frothed milk and a sprinkling of chocolate Hot Chocolate Steamed milk and chocolate Hot Chocolate Deluxe Steamed milk and chocolate, marshmallows and a whip of cream Freshly Brewed Tea A refreshing blend of the finest tea. White Pinot Grigio, Corte Vigna, Italy The ever popular dry, light and refreshing Pinot Chardonnay, Blossom Hill, USA A lighter style Chardonnay easy to drink, with melon and apple aromas and a hint of vanilla 13.5% ABV Medium, Kendermanns, Germany Popular, soft, fruity medium style white, lower in alcohol Sauvignon Blanc, Montana, New Zealand Classic Kiwi style with amazing zingy gooseberry fruit flavours Semillon Chardonnay, Broken Earth, Australia A great value, medium bodied, dry white with tropical fruit flavours Sauvignon Blanc, Antares, Chile A light, dry, crisp, delicious Sauvignon with refreshing fruit flavours House White, Pearly Bay, South Africa A good all rounder, easy to drink, full flavoured blend of Chenin and Chardonnay Chenin Blanc, Tipas, Argentina A light, juicy, fresh and fruity dry white Rosà © Medium Dry Rosà ©, Pinot Grigio, Italy Fruity, medium dry rosà © made from Italys most famous grape variety White Grenache, Gallo Family Vineyards, USA A soft, fruity rosà © thats perfect for lovers of medium style wines House Rosà ©, Broken Earth, Australia A dry full flavoured rosà © packed with raspberry fruits Red Rioja, Campo Viejo Crianza, Spain Velvety smooth red with lovely mulberry fruit flavours Pinot age Shiraz, Leopards Leap, South Africa A big, bold, smooth and spicy favourite Merlot, Blossom Hill, USA One of Californias most popular medium bodied juicy reds Pinot Noir, Cono Sur, Chile A quality, smooth Pinot with delicious strawberry and raspberry fruit flavours 14% ABV Shiraz Cabernet, Broken Earth, Australia A great value, smooth, spicy medium bodied red 13.5% ABV Cabernet Sauvignon, Hardys VR, Australia Medium bodied with rich blackcurrant fruit flavours 13.5% ABV House Red, Vita, Italy A soft, easy drinking, fruity blend of Merlot and Cabernet grapes 12% ABV, Sparkling Wine and Champagne Bottle Sparkling Rosà ©, Marquis de la Cour, France: Dry, fruity and deliciously refreshing 12% ABV Sparkling Rosà ©, Jacobs Creek, Australia: A refreshing, fruity sparkler. Perfect for that everyday treat 11.5% ABV Cava, Campo Viejo, Spain: Great quality Cava, dry but very fruity 11.5% ABV Champagne, Heidsieck Monopole Blue Top, France: Full, fruity, smooth and lively. Ideal as an aperitif http://www.premierinn.com/en/adm:in/restaurants/brands/Table_Table.pdf.bodyrestaurantinfo.Single.OptMenu2MenuPdfFile.tmp/OptionalMenu2.pdf From customer service to food provided Premier Inn seems to be the best hotel chain in UK. Now lets see what the Premier Inn does in the context of privacy. Privacy is the most important factor. Every organisation or brand must have privacy policies so that they can be the ranked top. Even though having the best customer services and other facilities if any brand doesnt pay any attention to the privacy of the customer then the brand cant be ranked top because its missing the great part of customer service, privacy. Privacy strategy of Premier Inn while booking the hotel room online: Premier Inn is always aware of the right to privacy to every customer who visits its hotels and its official websites. General privacy policies include the information to identify the person, and the rights of customers to verify and amend the information. Premier Inn handles information in compliance with UK Data Protection Act (1998). Premier Inn collects title, first name, surname, address, email address, telephone number and credit card details of the customer. Additionally it also collects the information of the guest accompanying the booker. This is to ensure that Premier Inn identifies the customer on arrival, in checking in and out as well. Premier Inn never shares the information with the third parties. Rights of customer are also preserved by the Premier Inn that means customer can amend or cancel their bookings online as well. Security of the customer is the most: Security is the most essential factor to determine whether the hotel is good enough to stay or not. Though UK is one of the safest places in world still the security matters. Premier Inn is very much conscious about the security of customer. There is 24 hour CCTV operation in all the premises of the Premier Inn. There is CCTV operation in corridor of the Premier Inn as well. There is always 24 hour service in the reception. Fire alarms are available for the detection of the fire in the hotel. These fire alarms are tested every week to ensure that they are functioning properly. Security personals are also available in the hotel for 24 hours. Premier Inn going worldwide: Not only this many new Premier Inn hotels are being opened in UK as well as the Premier Inn is expanding internationally too. Premier Inn has new hotels complete with refreshing top pool, bars and restaurants in Dubai. And Premier Inn has started its business in India too. It has got a hotel in Bangalore in India. Fig: Premier Inn hotel in Bangalore, India Premier Inn from the business point of view:- 70% of total income of Whitbread is because of Premier Inn. Total sales at Premier Inn are up 4.7 percent to  £629.8 million (2008/9:  £601.5 million) .According to the Whibread group, Premier Inn outperformed its competitors during 2009/10. We set out a commercial action plan to reinforce our status as the preferred hotel brand for corporate travellers and aggressively target leisure customers. We are pleased to report good progress on all fronts, said the company. The group shared that in 2009/10, it set out a commercial action plan for Hotels and Restaurants, to build on its competitive edge for the business market and aggressively target leisure customers. As per Whitbreads short and medium term growth plans, Premier Inn is to increase room numbers in 2010/11 by over 2,500 rooms (+6 percent) and target a 32 percent increase to 55,000 rooms in the UK by the end of 2014/15, as well as international expansion. The Budget Hotel Market has nine key players which, in addition to Premier Inn include Travelodge, Jurys Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Easy Hotel, Comfort Inn, Days Inn, Ibis and Innkeepers Lodge. The development of the budget sector, led by Premier Inn, continues to grow. Market value of Premier Inn is absolutely high at the moment. Its market values are high above in the sky. There might be any hotel companies as successful as Premier Inn at the moment. It is estimated that every night about 75,000 guests sleep in the rooms of Premier Inn. Business and Customer services go side by side together in Premier Inn: Premier Inn is the brand name that features en-suite bathrooms, TV with Free view, and Wi-Fi internet access .Premier Inn has given its customer a great offer known as Good Night Guarantee, a money-back Good Night Guarantee .Premier Inn also promises of a good quality room, comfortable surroundings and friendly service. All Premier Inns feature a bar and restaurant serving dinner, drinks and Premier Inns renowned All you can eat cooked breakfast. Business is the great point at this age. Even in the point of business Premier Inn respects the rights and needs of people. So that Premier Inn offers a Business Account for business travellers, a unique expense management solution. This allows companies to control spend more effectively. In 2008 Premier Inn introduced self check-in Kiosks to a number of hotels, reducing check-in time to less than one minute, which has proved to be particularly popular with business guests. Achievements Premier Inn has won many prizes these past years. It was difficult for Premier Inn to establish in the market because they had to compete with established brand Travel Lodge. Premier Inn was awarded as Best Budget Hotel at the Business Traveller Awards 2008. Premier Inn was also voted as the most leading company in the JD Power European Economy Hotel Guest Satisfaction Survey 2008 and 2009. Premier Inn was also recognised as the BDRC British Hotel Guest Survey Most Improved Brand 2008.It was the winner of the Holiday Check Awards in the year 2008. It was also recognised as the Best Business Hotel Chain at the Business Travel World Awards 2008 and 2009. Premier Inn also received the Leisure and Tourism Award at the Customer Satisfaction Awards Which was given by the Institute of Customer Service. Premier Inn supports Water Aid. In December 2008, Premier Inn opened its first green hotel in Tamworth, Staffordshire. This hotel has potential to decrease energy usage by 80 percent. The tec hnologies used in the hotel take radically different approaches to ventilation, heating, cooling and water wastage. Premier Inn has been voted as the leading economy hotel brand in 2010 in JD power European Economy Hotel Guest Satisfaction survey. It is the third consecutive year that premier Inn has ranked highest. Similarly Premier Inn has won three awards at The British Travel Awards in 2010. Premier Inn won Hotel Chain of the year award beating Warner Leisure hotels and Holiday Inn. Similarly it also won Best Business hotel beating Hilton and Marriot. It also won Best Leisure Hotel beating Holiday Inn and Marriot. Premier Inn also wins the best hotel website at Travolution awards in 2010. Premier beat jumeriah.com, elcid.com, elconresot.com and thewithotel.com to win this award. Recent Developments In 2009 Premier Inn launched Premier Offers a  £29 special rate for leisure and business guests. To date, two million rooms have been released at  £29 with the promotion set to continue in 2010. Premier Inn has also launched a new look website at www.premierinn.com with more hotel details, easier booking, interactive maps and increased functionality. At the end of 2009, Premier Inns parent company, Whitbread, announced that it plans, by 2020, to reduce its CO2 emissions by 26 per cent. This is the companys first statement of intent on carbon reduction and will form an important part of its `Good Together corporate sustainability strategy. At the same time, Whitbread reported that from 2007 to 2009, the company improved its carbon efficiency by four per cent which is equivalent to saving 8,562 tonnes of CO2 or taking 2,446 cars off the road. In recognition of this achievement, Whitbread has been awarded the Carbon Trust Standard which is the worlds first award that requires organ isations to measure manage and reduce their carbon footprint and make real reductions year-on-year. Premier Inn has launched its first hotel in India and at the end of 2009 and announced plans to open nine further hotels in India in the next five years. It aims to capitalise on the countrys developing business traveller market. Currently there are a limited number of budget hotel brands in India so this represents a good opportunity for Premier Inn, with its strong hotel model. ANALYSIS AND REAULTS: Premier Inn has been providing great room services to the customer. Premier Inn has given the money back guarantee if the customer isnt satisfied with the room services. But still Premier Inn is unable to provide the smoking rooms as many of the hotels in present do. Even though it is good in the security point of view still this can be one of the factors that can increase the number of regular customers and help in the business. Premier Inn has got lots of varieties of food available to serve to its customers but still its lacking something. Premier Inn is not being able to provide specific foods to the specific illness like diabetics, pressure, etc. Similarly Premier Inn food menu is unable to provide food menu in accordance to the religion. Muslims eat Halal while Christians dont. This means that Premier Inn is lacking in this field as well. Now Premier Inn has been able to provide drinks of different region but it hasnt been able to provide food of whole over the world. At this period of time one hotel cant only think of providing English food to the customers because people from whole over the world come to visit UK. But premier Inn is unable to provide the specific regional foods to the customers. Now though Premier Inn has some of vegetarian foods in its menu but it hasnt been able to provide specific vegetarian food menus to the customers. Premier Inn isnt being able to provide varieties of food as it does with its rooms. Thats why Premier Inn is unable to guarantee in its food as it does in its rooms. CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONS: Even though Premier Inn lacks in some aspects it can be determined as the top hotel chain company in UK but still it is not perfect. If it can adopt the measures mentioned above I believe that it can be the perfect hotel chain in UK. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: I would like to thank all those people who helped me out throughout this project. My deep