Differences Between Fordist And Post-Fordist Work Essays

Contrasts Between Fordist And Post-Fordist Work Essays Contrasts Between Fordist And Post-Fordist Work Paper Contrasts Between Fordist And Post-Fordist Work Paper This paper will look at the applied system of both Fordism and Post Fordism the same. It will inspect how Fordism started, and how through a wide range of changes, both inside the mechanical area just as Society overall, there was a change to Post Fordism. It will join my own encounters of working in retail, so as to exhibit how I see the manner by which Post Fordism is clear in the working environment, notwithstanding showing that, Fordism has not been completely supplanted is as yet present in a bigger number of ways than one. Fordism alludes to the arrangement of utilization and large scale manufacturing normal for profoundly created economies during the nineteen forties, directly through until the nineteen sixties. Under Fordism, there was mass utilization joined with large scale manufacturing, which delivered continued monetary development and broad material headway. The 1970s-1990s anyway have been a time of more slow development and expanding pay disparity. During this timeframe, the arrangement of association of creation and utilization has, nearly, experienced a subsequent change. This new framework is frequently alluded to as the adaptable arrangement of creation or the Japanese administration framework. On the creation side, the adaptable arrangement of creation is portrayed by surprising decreases in data expenses and costs, all out Quality Management, in the nick of time stock control, and leaderless work gatherings. On the utilization side: by the globalization of customer merchandise markets; quicker item life cycles; far more noteworthy item/showcase division and separation. Henry Ford, (brought into the world 1863-kicked the bucket 1947) established the Ford Motor Company in 1903. In 1908 the organization started the creation of the Model-T, of which the organization sold 15million. It was the main vehicle of its sort to constructed utilizing another kind of creation. Fordism includes the large scale manufacturing of customer durables, which are made on moving mechanical production system procedures worked with the semi-gifted work of the mass laborer. Before vehicles were created by hand which was both tedious and over the top expensive. The real physical creation of the vehicle was additionally an issue because of various parts included, the Model T took just 12. hours per vehicle to be worked all the way, a form time which would have been difficult to support consistently previously. It was from this new procedure of the creation line that Fordism took its name. Henry Ford had thought of a method of creating vehicles that stalled by and large creation process down into hundreds and in some cases a huge number of little, individualized, profoundly specific, parts. By presenting an intricate division of work, Ford contemplated (effectively) that expenses could be brought down and benefits expanded. The creation was another perspective and doing, helped made conceivable by new advances in hardware. Fordism, or Henry Fords new thoughts of assembling, came to fruition as an answer for an issue: that of how to expand the sum created and decline the time expected to deliver it. He considered the to be techniques for creation as being moderate, relentless and wasteful. Beforehand, laborers had been exceptionally talented and on account of these specific aptitudes, they were generously compensated. This in any case, was going to change. Passages principle commitments to large scale manufacturing/utilization were in the region of procedure designing. The sign of his framework was normalization. Normalized segments, normalized fabricating forms, and a basic, simple to make and fix, standard item. Passage had done this by utilizing a workforce that required the negligible preparing, and had little abilities. Portages first processing plant was at River rouge in Detroit. The administration principals that were set up around then were that of concentrated work-arranging and close management of the laborers. The activity included almost no preparation, and included the representative to embed a vehicle part into a machine, to which the machine did the work, not the worker. Passage directed how the representatives functioned, as in he would ascertain the speed at which a worker took to do a specific errand, and afterward a standard was set. He completed Time and Motion concentrates so as to guarantee that there was most extreme proficiency on the creation line, so as to limit squander. Any individual who didnt go along or couldnt stay aware of the occasions set was excused. Passage took extraordinary delight recruiting and terminating, regularly supplanting more established representatives, with more youthful, quicker, progressively effective workers. He additionally had numerous standards, for example, no talking and murmuring with individual representatives, as he felt this occupied them from their work. Others anyway accepted that because of his suspicious nature, he didn't need his representatives scheming against his hard working attitudes. Since the activity was so dreary, and prohibitive to the worker, resolve was likewise low and the staff turnover was high. This provoked Henry Ford to present the Five Dollar a Day. This was a generally high compensation level, anyway it must be acquired when the specialist had worked for a ceaseless a half year and conformed to all the principles that were set up around then. Henry Ford concluded this was the most ideal approach to get the laborers to work at the speed, and in how he would have preferred. Thus Fordism started. It essentially implied that the workforce ought to be perceived as an important, basic piece of the creation of an item, rather that being treated as a product to be avoided as much as possible. In the event that the laborers feel esteemed and acknowledged, at that point they are substantially more liable to work more earnestly, with significantly more idea put into their work However, during the incredible sorrow in the States, during the nineteen twenties and thirties, there was almost no discretionary cashflow. Along these lines, this implied there was not, at this point an extraordinary interest for the Ford vehicle. Besides, individuals had gotten burnt out on claiming a similar vehicle as their companions and neighbors, and yearned for a change, and a break from the standard. After the downturn, during the Long Boom (1945-1970+), the Fordism method of working was no longer observed as a method of rewarding representatives, just as a method of working and overseeing working creation. After this period, the clerical experts supplanted the mechanical production system laborer in absolutely new profession. This was done through the presentation of hello innovation organizations, and an incredible deluge in interchanges and advertising. Researchers, scholastics and college graduates, who had what it takes to imagine new data advancements, removed the force from the industrialists and officials, who for such a long time had overwhelmed with monetary force. The post-Fordist division of the work-power between an aptitude adaptable center and a period adaptable fringe, which is presently supplanting the old manual/non-manual differentiation, underlies a move from the post-war vision of a one-country mass utilization framework to a two-countries model dependent on the well-off adaptable specialist in addition to a government managed savings state (Jessop et al. 1987: 109-10) The time of Post-Ford has additionally seen the presentation of better-paid occupations, which, in contrast to Fordism, likewise hold better professional stability. Gifted specialists were likewise better paid and as such a far more noteworthy measure of individuals were taking up places at college, where the final product of an Honors degree implied that many were utilized by huge organizations to structure and assemble robots, which would gradually assume control over crafted by past representatives. Numerous Functionalists would state that this change, from Fordism to Post Fordism was an earth shattering advance, as in things are changing for workers, and businesses to improve things. Through advantages at work, for example, work impetuses, just as additional compensation for working unsociable hours and so forth, laborers these days, in all professions, feel that they have gotten a superior arrangement. From the container man, who is presently alluded to as the deny authority, to the shop laborer, who is currently alluded to as a business counselor, most would concur that not just measures in the work environment have went up, yet additionally spirit, and how individuals see their occupations. In any case, is this the case? Through looking at my own encounters of work, it is clear that truly, things have changed for better, yet additionally in negative ways. What's more, that regularly, the clueless representative is being misused and discouraged by Post Fordism, all for the sake of benefits. While working in Marks Spencer before starting college, representatives were exposed to both circuitous just as immediate types of congruity, in each part of work. From the main day of work, representatives had subtleties of themselves taken for Marks Spencers utilizes as it were. These included wide subtleties of Address, and financial balance, directly through to individual insights concerning wellbeing and wellness. At which, on receipt of these, the organization knew essentially everything about the worker, and in this manner could run checks and so on n them without their insight. Representatives were then started into the organization by methods for recordings, delineating different workers who were so thankful to Marks Spencer for the conditions and advantages that they have in their activity. Notwithstanding this was a video wherein the Mana ging Director expressed gratitude toward the new representatives for choosing to work for the organization. They were likewise informed that their work would be very much esteemed and acknowledged, and that anything positive they do inside the organization would go towards dragging out the nature of the organization. New representatives were then given new, indistinguishable garbs to one another and sent down to take a shot at the shop floor where the arrangement is The client is in every case right, and subsequent to viewing the recordings and being in receipt of the various motivational speeches, each felt they owed an obligation to the organization.. The Sales Advisor work, to many, is a progressively modern term for shop specialist, anyway most representatives pay attention to the term. Agreements were given carefully on an impermanent ba

death essays

passing papers Passing is an unavoidable truth and everybody needs to manage it. It is extremely unlikely around passing however there are approaches to pass on cheerful. In the exposition Demise with Dignity, the creator, Dr. Kubler-Ross interveiwed numerous individuals that were kicking the bucket. 80% of the individuals talked with needed to kick the bucket at home so they could bite the dust with poise. Before you pass on in a clinic, you experience numerous sorts of misfortune. Loss of home, friends and family and expectation are only a couple of the misfortunes you experience in Norma Richman's sonnet utilizes representation when she discusses the knotty pine face of each room in her dad's home. Representation is likewise utilized when she portrays the emergency clinic white appearances and sterile environmental factors. Norma had lost family when her father kicked the bucket. Norma had no clue how to communicate the loss of trust in her dad but to strike her head against the divider and compose a sonnet for her dad. In her sonnet, she is attempting to clarify that he had lost home and the natural environmental factors. In Dr.Kubler-Ross' exposition, numerous splendid individuals that had incredible potential lost all expectation since they were kicking the bucket. He said that as long as the individual is alive, he needs trust. One lady with liver infection was told by her primary care physician that there is nothing else I can do for you. Statements, for example, this don't give individuals any expectation. Families surrender trust by placing a perishing individual in the emergency clinic regardless of whether they don't need to be there. A withering lady was perched on her bed grinning. When asked what she was grinning about she said Don't you see these delightful blossoms that my better half encircled me with? Her significant other had quit visiting her and there were no blossoms. She had lost a friend or family member. By putting this lady in the clinic, she had lost all of In both the sonnet and the article, loss of home, expectation and family were obviously ... <! Demise articles To Kill, or Not to Kill? That is the Question. The American Heritage College Dictionary characterizes murder as, the unlawful slaughtering of one person by another, particularly when planned. Notwithstanding the dictionarys definition, it is as I would like to think that to submit murder, one must have an insidious hand and a malevolent brain. All through North America, all the more explicitly in the United States, carrying out self destruction or endeavoring to perpetrate self destruction is definitely not a criminal demonstration. Be that as it may, helping a person in a self destruction endeavor is an illicit demonstration. Along these lines, some may contend that Euthanasia is murder. I anyway accept that Euthanasia doesn't have a place in this classification. The word Euthanasia started from the Greek language: eu which implies great and thanatos implies demise. One importance given to this word is the purposeful end of life by another at the express solicitation of the individual who kicks the bucket. That is, the term willful extermination regularly infers that the demonstration must be started by the individual who wishes to end it all. Notwithstanding, a few people characterize killing to incorporate both willful and automatic end of life. If I somehow happened to characterize Euthanasia, my definition would be: one who helps or helps to the executing of another in an effortless manner in line with the individual who passes on. In any case, there are various assortments of Euthanasia. Uninvolved Euthanasia incorporates hurrying the passing of a person by adjusting some type of help and letting nature follow all the way through. For instance, expelling life bolster hardware, for example, killing a respirator, and halting clinical methods, for example, prescriptions would be two prime instances of Passive Euthanasia. This variety of Euthanasia isn't a type of homicide on the grounds that the individual who bites the dust was at that point during the time spent kicking the bucket, and the reason for death was not planned. Dynamic Euthanasia includes causing the demise of an individual through an immediate activity, in respon... <! Demise papers During this past summer I encountered genuine agony and misery because of a friends and family sickness and extreme passing which was something I had never needed to manage. My granddad, Pappy, had been wiped out with malignant growth on and off for ten to fifteen years. He was an exceptionally enlivened, clever man - continually sitting in his seat, staring at the TV, and smoking his stogies, except if he was out playing golf or helping Granny accomplish something around the house. In any case, he would make certain to set aside the effort to show my cousins and my sister and I some new games or toys he had gotten for his PC, or simply make us crazy stories and wisecracks at whatever point we were at their home. I was in grade school and going to see him in the emergency clinic while he was there for chemotherapy. It was odd seeing my Pappy in an emergency clinic bed so defenseless, however I was youthful so I didn't consider it. Fortunately he got through and was before long back t o his old self once more. There were different occasions when he was in and out of the emergency clinic for some time, however my Pappy would consistently recuperate. The first to break a joke at occasion suppers or make the grandkids chuckle by putting his bolo tie in his nose during pictures; he adored the consideration from his family. As I got into secondary school, I started to understand that my Pappy was not working out quite as well and going as solid as I had imagined. One could without much of a stretch see the dim streaks coming in to his hair, diverting it from a dim earthy colored to a kind of salt and pepper look, lastly to a light dark. He started to fall back on the utilization of a stick when strolling around. My folks never truly educated what was going on, simply that he was not progressing admirably or in the clinic or had declined in his condition. Toward the finish of my senior year and the start of the mid year, things started to get downright awful. I saw my father and my uncle turning into the parent to my granddad, and him turning into the kid. It is something that you find out about occurring, however it doesn't ... <! Demise articles A huge number of warriors line up under the front of their channels for a stretch of miles and trust that the main official will give the sign for the charge. At the point when the sign is given the a huge number of troopers run and endeavor to penetrate of the adversaries channel. The assault is under consistent automatic rifle discharge and mortar shelling by the adversary. Types of assault bomb because of the reality the chances might be stacked against the assaulting party. The automatic weapon shoot is sufficiently critical to decrease the assaulting armed force and power them to withdraw. A huge number of fighters, dead, subsequent to committing their lives to their nation. To kick the bucket while battling for ones nation can be regarded fair and respectable in an endless number of ways. Is it great to bite the dust for your nation? This inquiry has been presented to numerous youngsters going to leave on war, in spite of the fact that the appropriate response has for the most part been 'yes' because of their nation, due predominantly to the way that the administration ingrains a countrys respect, pride, and patriotism in the individuals. One path is to send youthful physically fit men into the military. On the off chance that you were one who isn't supportive of battling for your nation, at that point that is ones choice and convictions. Be that as it may, for the individuals who do render their lives for their nation, ought to be recognized. To stay away from a disputable circumstance, one decides to join the military just in the idea that you were committed to, for the sole purpose of your nation. Such musings were impacted by the administration advancement of purposeful publicity. Celebrating passing isn't should have been instructed yet ought to be settled on by the sole person. Educational systems should show a fair-minded perspective of war to empower the kid to settle on their own choice whether to battle for one's nation. The training framework taught educators to make understudies, mindful that during the verge of war, their life could be in danger, and it would be to the greatest advantage of the ... <! Passing papers There are a wide range of changing types of the word demise. Mourning, passing on, rot, crushing, wreck, the end, end, and numerous some more. Websters depicts demise as the demonstration of passing on, an end of life. Where as I portray demise as a discharge from torment and enduring, and a hotly anticipated gathering of lost spirits. A discharge from agony and enduring would be embroiled towards those with terminal sicknesses, the individuals who endure in extreme lethargies, or those living with clinical difficulties where there is no help. It is a lot of distress for the individuals who have lost somebody to death yet an extraordinary good feeling for their friends and family torment has left. Demise can be a hotly anticipated gathering for the individuals who have lost a friend or family member or ones. Passing according to the old is anticipated for they get the opportunity to meet the friends and family they have lost en route throughout everyday life. A favored get-together of spirits. It despite everything leaves each one of those here, throughout everyday life, in pain, yet again they are calmed that they have gone to a superior spot and are with ones that they love. To adore and be cherished. The meaning of death changes from individual to individual, the better places you go. In death, a few people discover life for the ones who have lost their loves to death. As I would like to think I accept that Webster should change their definition to something with more pizzazz and venerate for the individuals who have past in light of the fact that they are rarely extremely dead in the event that you despite everything love them and recall them forever. ... <!

Hack Punt Tool The Musical

Hack Punt Tool The Musical IM SO EXCITED IM SO EXCITED IM SO EXCITED and you should be too. WHY? Because the soundtrack to Hack Punt Tool, a musical about MIT students by MIT students that was a huge success last winter, has finally been released! A little bit of background, in case you missed the excitement last year: a few members of MITs Musical Theatre Guild decided that they wanted to write a musical, so they did. It was named for three words of MIT lingo hacks refers to the anonymous technological pranks set up all over campus, like turning the Green Building into a gigantic tetris game, or putting a police car or a telephone box on the dome. To punt is to put work aside in favor of doing something fun or more simply to not do an assignment, or not study for a test. One might do that because one is hosed (way, way too freaking busy). To tool is to slave away at problem sets or studying. For a much better (and more musical) introduction to hacking, listen to the opening number. The main character: Billy Rogers (Trevor M. 15), a freshman who arrives at MIT determined (like all MIT freshmen are) to be super hardk0re. In fact, hes SO DETERMINED to be hardk0re that he sings a song about it, to the chagrin of a frenzied, stressed-out pre-med named Conner Burton, played by yours truly. As part of their quest to be hardk0re, they get involved in a hack: a plan to construct something on the dome. They have to deal with the bad guys: the campus police (CPs) who, led by Sergeant Bruce E. Sprinkles (played by French Houses Luis O. 13! Yay! :D) are determined to stamp out this precious part of MIT culture once and for all. They sing two of my favorite songs ever (warning: explicit language, in case the title didnt make that clear.) The attempted execution of the hack is accompanied by epic music (like all real hacks): The central message of the musical can be summed up by the phrase Theres More to Life Than Tooling. And, yes, there was epic rooftop singing involved, particularly in the finale: While you listen to all that, and  download the rest of the album, think about the work that went into making it.  Of the seven writers, four were full-time undergraduate students at the time the musical was written. And by full-time, I really mean full-time. I lived with Julie (music) and Daniel (lyrics) in French House (they have since graduated and moved away, much to my distress), and I can testify that laws of space and time dont apply to either of them. Julie was in her senior year,  writing her thesis in Mechanical Engineering, singing in concert choir, building a lathe, and building robots. Daniel was a junior UROPing in an inorganic chemistry lab (his supervisor won the Nobel Prize in 2005, nbd), acing five classes as usual, fencing two hours a day five days a week, and dating me; Ill let you speculate on the relative time consumption and difficulty of each of those activities. Less than a year after Julie first proposed the idea, there were auditions. There was a trailer. There were hours and hours of rehearsal, packed into the crazy four weeks of MITs Independent Activities Period. The actors and actresses simultaneously took classes on classical mechanics, programming, electrical engineering, chocolate fabricating, and goodness knows what else. Before anyone could possibly feel prepared, it was showtime and by the last night, we sold out.  The Musical Theatre Guild made something like $3000. It was one of our most successful productions, ever.  Im not surprised :)

The American Foundation For Suicide Prevention Essay

Intro Have you ever been through a tough situation and felt like there was no solution? Many people do and unfortunately many people also solve their solution by ending their life. In fact, every 13 minutes, someone commits suicide in the U.S (http://www.save.org/). Whether your friends or acquaintances, chances are you will know someone who has committed suicide. However, this doesn’t have to be the case. Urban Meyer, current coach of the Ohio State football team, once stated, â€Å"Are you going to be the problem or the solution?† An organization known as the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) has decided they will be the solution to suicide. Depression takes a toll on 20-25% of U.S. citizens that are ages 18 and older (http://www.save.org/). Unfortunately, a lot of these citizens don’t know how to ask for help and ultimately end their lives. However, the AFSP wants to be the solution to not only preventing suicide from occurring, but also to he lping those dealing with mental illness. On top of that, AFSP cares about those who have experienced a loss of a loved one from suicide and consistently helps them if needed. Have you ever known someone who continues to de-emphasize the severity of suicide and mental illness? Well, AFSP wants to be able to help those people too so they can recognize that suicide and mental illness is a legitimate problem. As you can see, we don’t have to live in a world where someone feels like taking their own life would solve allShow MoreRelatedPersuading for Donations and Involvement with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention632 Words   |  3 Pagesand or get involved with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. We all are going to pass on and die eventually. It is a fact. That’s how the circle of life works. You never know when it’s going to happen. Unless your one of the 38,364 people who committed suicide in 2010, if you were then you new exactly that yo u were going to die that day, cause they planned it. Isn’t that a horrible thought? Planning your own death. The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention national not-for-profit organizationRead MoreThe American Foundation Of Suicide Prevention935 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Foundation of Suicide Prevention is a non-profit organization acknowledges that suicide and mental health problems are part of our society and by understanding this we can better support those in need, and suicide affects a tremendous amount of people and proper education and treatment can prevent people from committing suicide. â€Å"Each year in the United States, suicide claims over 40,000 lives - more than war, murder, and natural disasters combined†¦Suicide is not just a faceless healthRead MoreEssay on Samurais and Honorable Suicide1592 Words   |  7 Pagesdisappear from our lives without explanation. No letter, note or goodbye, they just leave us to never return. Death, or in this situation suicide, where you may never know why they did it. Just left with loose ends that will never be tied up. For others its a glorious thing, they accept it as a way of life or something that has to be done to â€Å"save† them or their family. Suicide is looked at differently in a particular cultures compared to how other cultures do. The samurais see it as honor to them or theirRead MorePersonal Narrative : Personal Experience1400 Words   |  6 PagesEye opening moments are far and few between. In that one moment, your entire perspective shatters and you realize that what you thought you knew, you didn t know at all. After the suicide of my best friend, I realized how dangerous addiction could be, but I still couldn t fully understand it. I went two years after his death constantly wondering what he really experienced. Talking to our mutual friends, his little sister, and his parents reminded me of how kind and happy Conner had been. Not untilRead MoreThe Suicide Of North Carolina900 Words   |  4 Pagesattempt to commit suicide, whether this leads to hospitalizations or completed suicides; this makes suicide one of the leading causes of death in North Carolina. Members of the community identified as having the highest suicide attempts and deaths are between the ages 10-24 and 45-64 (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention 2015). Also, out of these attempts and deaths, white men compose approximately seventy percent of those numbers across America (Amer. Foundation for Suicide Preven. 2015; NCRead MoreThe Importance Of Suicide Prevention1498 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of suicide is the act of intentionally causing one’s own death. Suicides happen every day and the emotional impact such an act has on individuals, families, and communities is devastating and tragic. Unfortunately, suicide has become a much bigger social issue than society likes to admit. Many people seem to think of teenage years as their happiest years in life but what others do not know is that someone can be suffering from pain caused by an emotional or environmental issue. Suicide preventionRead MoreThe Most Successful Treatment Today For Depression957 Words   |  4 PagesSuicide is a growing problem around the world and is the third leading cause of death. Statistics show the seriousness of the situation. According to W.H.O. (World Health Organization) and C.D.C. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), over 800,000 people die by suicide every year with 42,773 being Americans. The National Alliance on Mental Illness says the leading cause of people committing suicide is untreated depression, but â€Å"only half of all Americans experiencing an episode of major depressionRead MoreThe Other Side Of Suicide1577 Words   |  7 PagesJosh Arteseros Gwendleyon November 24, 2014 The Other Side Of Suicide â€Å"What scenarios makes someone suicidal?† One evening going to Santa Rosa Junior College college for class I see up ahead theres two white vans with (I don t remember exactly what it said but I m going to say) â€Å"youth suicide prevention† written on the side, sitting in the main quad of the campus blocking my main walk path. I had to walk around the whole set up but while doing so I notice hundreds of backpacks allRead MoreImpact of the Economy on Suicide1255 Words   |  6 Pages Do economic classes affect the percentage of suicide rates? All types of people, rich and poor commit suicide, but suicide and suicide prevention are growing. The lives of about 4600 young people are lost because of suicide every year (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). So what is the country offering to help? There are many programs and treatments to help those who have resorted to or contemplated suicide. Specialized programs have been created, but not all are accessibleRead MoreCan Suicide Be Prevented?. As Said In The Dictionary,1300 Words   |  6 PagesCan Suicide Be Prevented?   Ã‚  Ã‚   As said in the dictionary, suicide is the desperate attempt to escape unbearable pain or suffering by intentionally causing one own’s death. In simpler terms, an act of suicide is when someone takes their life, commonly due to immense feelings of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, or depression. According to the Centers for Disease Control, over the past decade, suicide rates have risen quickly to the tenth leading cause of death among people over the age of ten. The

Unethical Behaviors And Situations Of Conflict Within The...

In much of the business world from the past to today, we constantly are exposed to unethical behaviors and situations of conflict within the work environment. Thinking critically about a particular dilemma and whether or not it is ethically wrong takes time and critical thinking. The accountants of Enron could have avoided this situation by stepping in and explaining to their superiors the cost of the long-term consequences compared to the short-term benefits was not worth what they were putting out on the line. By analyzing the Enron scandal there will be a greater ability to know information that will help pin point any unethical behavior that an accountants may experience in their own work life. Justin Schultz, a corporate psychologist†¦show more content†¦By doing this, it would raise their stock prices to look more profitable and desirable to shareholders. The first CEO of Enron was Kenneth Lay, who later resigned and was replaced by Jeffrey Skilling, although Lay staye d on the board of directors. Soon, Kenneth Lay found himself back into the CEO position when Skilling resigned less than a year after he took the position from Lay. The CFO of the corporation was Andrew Fastow, who would later find himself in the middle of this historic case. The accountant in charge of Enron’s financials was Arthur Andersen, who played a significant part in this as well. These men were critical to the operation that Enron was trying to hide from the public, and were very successful at doing so for some time. They were able to make it look like Enron was one of the most successful companies since the turn of the century (Investopedia). In the early months of 2006, the trial began for Enron’s present and former CEO’s, Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling. They were both charged with a total of 29 criminal counts, including a conspiracy to hide the failing health of the company by selling a boosterish optimism to Wall Street and the public (NBC). This became a devastating blow to the guilty party who figured they would not be convicted of any crime, or at least only a minimal amount of something that could be paid off. In 2002, Arthur Andersen was convicted for shreddingShow MoreRelatedThe Perception Of Ethical Leadership Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization, perceptions of an ethical climate (particularly when individuals feel that they are treated well), optimism in the future regarding the organization and their place within it, perceptions of task significance and autonomy, and voice, including a willingness to report problems to management. Similarly, voice behaviors (e.g., willingness of subor dinates to share problems and concerns) are explained in part by the feeling of psychological safety or comfort in expressing thoughts and feelingsRead MoreWhat Is Right?. By Danielle Brewer. April 2017. . . . .1683 Words   |  7 Pagesin situations challenging our ethics of right and wrong. For example, the ATM spits out an extra $20.00. Do you keep it? Or do you go inside and return the money? You do not have money to obtain your own wireless connection but you can obtain a free wireless connection by accessing your next-door neighbors unlocked account. Do you? Making ethical decisions does not stop at your personal life, â€Å"each day roughly 120 million people walk into a workplace somewhere in the United States and within theRead MoreHow Do Family And Personal Issues Affect Leadership Performance?1293 Words   |  6 Pageslinked to unethical behaviors at the workplace in leaders? Personal and family stresses can have an effect on leadership decision and critical thinking. If leadership or employees are dealing with family and personal issues outside of work, it can be difficult to manage workplace problems in sound and efficient manner. So how do family and personal issues affect leadership performance? Physiologists have referred personal and family matters to the clinical term Family-to-work conflict (FWC).Read MoreConflict Resolution Within The Workplace1224 Words   |  5 Pagesmethods to address conflict resolution within the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to discuss specific techniques and tools to resolve conflict within the workplace. A description of a workplace conflict at my current place of employment will be provided. The impact that cultural norms may have on conflict will be briefly considered. Additionally, the impact that conflict has on leadership’s decision making will be addressed. In discussing resolution of this particular conflict, specific techniquesRead MoreMindfulness And Its Impact On The Workplace Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesdiminished slowly because mindfulness could be learned with training. Nevertheless, Bruce (Cited in David and Hayes 2011) doubt that mindfulness has significant impact to employee’s task, goals and bond in the workplace. The author believes that mindfulness needs measurement to prove it works on the workplace. The reason behind his statement is mindfulness recognized only as self-reported and containing bias. However, having mindful manager will be very useful for organization as mindfulness is regarded asRead MoreEthical Dilemma s Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper785 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics Reflection STR/581 Ethics Reflection In the last decade ethics has taken an important place in corporate America after some unethical and fraudulent business practices getting uncovered. Few companies’ such as Tyco, Enron, Arthur Anderson, and WorldCom have made their name synonymous with corporate fraud. Unethical behavior of top executives like Bernard Madoff and Martha Stewart can sink the whole company. This paper will explain the role of ethics and social responsibilityRead MorePolice Departments Become Corrupt When Leaders Condone Unethical Behavior Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesPolice departments become corrupt when leaders condone unethical behavior. The Standard Operating Procedures are words on paper if officers are not properly trained on and is leadership enforced. The act of â€Å"breaking ranks† and the â€Å"blue wall of silence† are realistic ethical issues that affect police departments. It is the responsibility of leaders to properly protect, control and enact changes. Detective Serpico The inner workings of a police department promote an atmosphere of uniformity andRead MoreUnethical Behavior And Ethical Behavior1519 Words   |  7 PagesUnethical behaviour and ethical behaviour are two factors that are found to be very different around the world. Ethical behaviour can be seen to come from an an individual with a high morality and proper conduct. 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The Influence Of Neo Confucianism On China - 1066 Words

In china there has been no central rule in China for 70 years until the Song Dynasty created in 960. Things started to change in China, for example, the government started to aid the poor a lot more than what they have in the past. They were getting this money from the newly introduced income tax. This made a lot of people happy and everyone started to have more patriotism and pride. This pride gave the government a feel of legitimacy. Some of the major things the government is paying for is the roads, food, and education. Pottery at this time helps out the economy in China, because the pottery is so advanced that it was being exported for good money and it also led more people to come to China. Even though China was number one in the world for many things like technology and a sophisticated culture they were weak military wise (Holcombe p.127). Neo-Confucianism was also created in the Song Dynasty. Neo-Confucianism was Confucianism put together with Taoism, which was the ying and th e yang, which was also put with Buddhism. This new patriotism also led to xenophobia in the country which leads to irrational decisions in the future. As time when on the Song Dynasty would lose some land to smaller dynasties who took over smaller parts to China in the south. Despite this the economy amazingly boomed during this time where the Chinese call the â€Å"medieval economic revolution† (Holcombe p. 130). Trading had a big role in this economic revolution. Archeologists have uncoveredShow MoreRelatedChina Golden Age: Song Dynasty1297 Words   |  5 PagesGLOBAL CHINA GOLDEN AGE: SONG DYNASTY A golden age is a specific time where peace, happiness and prosperity flourishes within a civilization. In China. This period was known as the Song Dynasty, which lasted from (920-1279). China’s Golden Age was followed by the Yuan Dynasty, which dated from the years (1271-1368). 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Lockes Argument For The Origin And Practice free essay sample

Of Legitimate Authority Essay, Research Paper Locke? s Argument for the Origin and Practice of Legitimate Authority Through out clip there has been a changeless battle between the thoughts of societal control and the rights of the person. Even at the present clip there are conflicting sentiments on how much power the authorities should hold and how much power the person should hold over themselves. John Locke, like many before him, had an thought of how authorities and society should run. He attempts to invent an statement that will specify the bounds of political power while set uping the rights of opposition. Locke has many points that come together to make his statement. These are chiefly based on the basic rules that natural equality when combined with legitimate authorization will take people and their belongings, out of a province of nature and into a better, stronger, and more stable society. Locke? s chief point on belongings is that all human organic structures are belongings of that individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Lockes Argument For The Origin And Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He illustrates this position when he states, ? Through the Earth, and all inferior animals, be common to all work forces, yet every adult male has a belongings in his ain individual: this no organic structure has any right to but himself? ( P. 19 ) . It is clear that Locke # 8217 ; s thought of belongings does encompass the impression that the ego is the belongings of the individual and merely that single individual. Locke furthers his statement by explicating how a human can hold existent material belongings. In order to obtain material belongings 1 must blend whatever 1 wishes to have with the labor of their organic structure. He defines labour as something that makes common private. He puts certain bounds to existent stuff belongings by stating that person can merely have every bit much as they can utilize to any advantage without spoil and they must go forth plenty and every bit good for others. Locke besides touches on the establishment of bondage. Bondage in the voluntary or non-voluntary sense is prohibited under Locke # 8217 ; s statement. His grounds for why this act is prohibited are that when person has ownership of another individual they have the power to make with that individual? s life what they please. This is a direct misdemeanor because he has already set the premiss that each individual is the proprietor of himself, and if person else were to have another it would go against this premiss. The thought of bondage is besides prohibited because it goes against the jurisprudence of nature that lists self-preservation as being its figure one precedence. The jurisprudence of nature therefore ties into the belongings premiss and leads to an ultimate decision that bondage should non be. Locke provinces, ? Every one, as he is bound to continue himself, and non to discontinue his station wilfully, so by the similar ground, when his ain saving comes non in competition, ought he, every bit much as he can, to continue the remainder of world, and may non, unless it be to make justness on an wrongdoer, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the saving of the life, the autonomy, wellness, limb, or goods of another? ( p.9 ) . This fundamentally sums up Locke? s jurisprudence of nature. He feels that the first responsibility of adult male is to continue himself above all other things, and next he should besides continue, every bit much as possible, his fellow adult male. Locke believes that in a province of nature every person has the authorization to put to death the jurisprudence of nature, but merely when the violent death of the wrongdoer will make justness. Justice of this type is defined as penalizing the offense for the bar of similar offense, which is stated to be the right of all individuals, and reparation which is entirely the right of the injured. Overall Locke does back up the violent death of liquidators if necessary for justness. The support roots from the thought of guaranteed protection the simple fact they will non be alive to harm once more. His feelings on this issue are illustrated clearly when he says, ? every adult male, in the province of nature, has a power to kill a liquidator, both to discourage others from making the similar hurt, which no reparation can counterbalance, by the illustration of penalty that attends it from every organic structure, and besides to procure work forces from the efforts of a condemnable? ( P. 11 ) . Locke doesn? T believe the province of nature is comparable to entire devastation of humanity or a snake pit, but he does see many jobs with it. The chief ground people pick to travel from the province of nature and into a society is for better protection of their belongings. He states that the two chief jobs with any type of belongings protection are that there are no common governments and human fondness gets in the manner when speech production of just penalty. In a more elaborate history he states the direct jobs with the province of nature are that there are no standings Torahs, apathetic Judgess, or dependable executive powers. All these jobs encompass one chief issue. This issue is that belongings, physical and material, needs to be protected in a more unafraid manner. The manner to obtain this higher security is to travel out of the province of nature and into a society. Locke first moves out of the province of nature and into society through the debut of consent. Consent is the necessary status that makes obeisance legitimate. To explicate what he means by consent he foremost explains how worlds can give consent and why they can give consent. He states that the thought of consent of all is the beginning of society. He states, ? For when any figure of work forces have, by the consent of every person, made a community, they have thereby made that community one organic structure, with a power to move as one organic structure, which is merely by the will and finding of the bulk? ( P. 52 ) . This clearly shows how important consent is to the rank of society, and non merely consent, but the consent of each and every member in that society. Their joint consent so makes for a bulk type of regulation. He believes to be portion of a society and to be obligated to follow the regulations of that society an person must first consent to being a portion of that so ciety. There are two different signifiers of consent. The first 1 is express consent while the 2nd is silent consent. Express consent is expressed consent while tacit is a soundless consent. Locke believes that expressed consent is obvious and non difficult to understand, while tacit is more hard to set up. Locke does nevertheless believe that if one, ? that hath any ownerships, or enjoyment, of any portion of the rules of any authorities, doth thereby give his silent consent, and is every bit far away obliged to obedience to the Torahs to that authorities? ( P. 53 ) . This fundamentally means if you live in a society where a authorities is established and you have belongings or are basking the society you are remaining in this is adequate for silent consent. Once a individual has consented, either with explicit or tacit, they are a portion of society. Society is made to continue the lives, autonomy and estates, which a ll make up belongings. When come ining into society people give up the power to make what they want for saving and the power to penalize others that they had in the province of nature. Since people did nevertheless hold the right to belongings in the province of nature, and would neer accept to be worse off than they were earlier, society must ever protect belongings. Along with the protection of belongings to do authorities legitimate there are certain conditions to be met. There must be publicity of the common good, unafraid belongings, constitution of a standing jurisprudence, apathetic Judgess, and an impartial executing of the jurisprudence. The statute law has bounds every bit good as responsibilities. The bounds are that there can? t be an absolute arbitrary regulation, belongings can? t be taken without consent, and there will be no unauthorised transportation of power. There can neer be an absolute monarchy and regulation will therefore so be limited. Locke believes that monarchy is a type of bondage and violates the jurisprudence of nature that so makes it wholly illegitimate. Locke believes that authorities? s chief intent is to protect belongings with indifferent Torahs, while besides prosecuting the overall common good of the society. He makes this position clear with his gap words for chapter 11 that province, ? The great terminal of work forces? s come ining into society, being the enjoyment of their belongingss in peace and safety, and the great instrument and agencies of that being the Torahs established in society? ( P. 69 ) . Sing that consent is the beginning of legitimate obeisance, when the authorities is making things that the people would non hold consented to, the people will be no longer obliged to obey. When he states, ? The ground for society is the saving of belongings. Whenever those in power enterprise to take away and destruct the belongings of the people, they put themselves in a province of war with the people. They forfeit authorization, which devolves to the people, who have the right to restart their original autonomy and set up a new legislative? ( P. 211 ) , Locke states clearly precisely when the people have a right to arise. He more specifically lists certain abuses of power that will enable individuals to arise over there authorities. They include the placing of arbitrary will in topographic point of the Torahs, impeding legislative from piecing, changing power construction or legal procedure without consent of the people, presenting people into subjugation of foreign power, neglecting to put to death Torahs, and in general robbing a individual from their belongings without consent. When this breach of power occurs, the society has a right to do new legislative. He farther states that people non merely have the right to halt misusage of power but besides to halt the misusage before it happens. Locke states that an expostulation claiming these premises will convey a pool a format for to much rebellion will happen. Locke believes that people can arise when authorization forfeits its power by ignoring what was antecedently consented to. Locke first responds to this expostulation and besides lays out a type of guideline for when people should arise by stating that when people are exposed plenty to the misusage of governmental power they will be ever be ready to defy. He so goes on to province that people wear? T Rebel because of one or two minor incommodiousnesss. They rebel when there are many wrongs and many unfair Torahs. He believes that rebellion occurs when the list of offenses is great and mimics a life worse than the province of nature. His 3rd rebuttal of the expostulation involves the thought that the people who will arise aren? Ts really the Rebels. He believes that those who try to unjustly obtain belongings are the existent Rebels. It follows that in world the bar of this unfair obtaining of belongings is truly the best manner to guard of rebellion in the first topographic point. The people who attempt to obtain belongings unjustly are Rebels because they are arising against what consent the people had given them to regulate their society. By interrupting this understanding to move in ways which merely antecedently consented to, the governments are really the 1s arising against the people, non the people arising against the authorities. Locke concludes by comparing the thought of people who rebel against the wrongs of their authorities to the thought that? work forces may non oppose robbers or plagiarists because this may occasion upset or bloodshed? ( P. 115 ) . By this statement he means that if person is taking from you something you have a right to, which in this instance is the right to a authorities based on consent, to non arise based on the thought that some aloha may happen is pathetic. Locke? s chief premises are that to be legitimate authorities must hold the consent of all people in a society and continue those single belongingss. He concludes from these premises that if the authorities does non make anything that violates the original consent or effort to deny a member of society belongings of any kind without consent so obeisance will be legitimate. In return, if the authorities does go against the consent of the people or deny them of any belongings without consent so the people have the right to arise and restart their original autonomy and set up a new legislative jurisprudence. The decisions do so follow from the premises. If the person must accept to acquire into society one time in it does follow that every bit long as what they consented to has non been abused or changed obeisance will be legitimate. Following, if an single consents to a society so an arbitrary power takes it a pool themselves to alter the thoughts originally consented to, the society wo uld in return have no duty to obey a jurisprudence they neer agreed to in constitution. Locke? s statement is sound. The decisions made by Locke do follow from the premises, and the premises are true. Locke? s premiss that to be legitimate authorities must hold the consent of all people in a society is right. A individual has consented to obedience and authorities when they agree to populate in a society, or bask that society. From this anyone make up ones minding to populate in that country where a society has been established has so consented to being portion of the society, either with express or silent consent. Therefore, it is true that a legitimate authorities will hold the consent of all the people, for if they are populating where that authorities operates, they will hold in some manner consented. It is besides true that saving of belongings is needed for legitimate authorities. In Locke? s province of nature a individual has belongings, and since no 1 would accept to society if it were worse than the province of nature, it follows that it must be true that belo ngings must be protected for society to be legitimate. Since Locke? s statement proves cogency and true premises it can be concluded that his statement for the legitimacy of obeisance is non merely valid but besides sound. 38d

The Impact of the Media on American Youth Essay Example For Students

The Impact of the Media on American Youth Essay Technology has a big impact on our youth. Nowadays you see fewer kids go outside and play or do activities out of the house. Most kids would rather be inside playing video games such as Play Station or other gaming consoles. Media is one of the important things that have potential to generate both positive and negative effects. In study done by Nola Mokeyne, proves that the impact of TV on youth’s society can increase the level of IQ. This study also demonstrates how TV has positive effects on our society and certain shows that can be beneficial. There are TV shows that can be helpful, however researched illustrates that negative effect of TV are exposure to violence, inappropriate sexuality, and offensive language. Media is one of the most popular broadcasting in society. Social networking websites connect countries together. Kids know about internet and social websites like Facebook. Millions of people use this website daily to communicate and many other are business users and make profits with them. We will write a custom essay on The Impact of the Media on American Youth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Various are as media use has positive effects connected to education and obtaining basic information of the world; on the other hand there are negative and positive effects connected to media use related to physical problems and mental problems. The term news media refers to the groups that communicate information and news to would be impossible to gather all the news to people. Most Americans get their information about government from the news media because it increasing reliance of Americans on television and the internet by making the news even more readily available to people. There are main types of news media: print media, broadcast media, and the internet. Technology plays a big role in a teenager’s life in our society. They use it in their everyday life from doing their school work, communication with friends, looking for future school and careers. It is not possible for us to have our youth to stay away from it because in today’s society if they are familiar with the technology, they will have a tough time fitting in. technology should be available to be our youth, however we need parent supervision. Parents play an important role in the youth life especially with the technology because they the ones who give the access to their kids. We can look at the positive effects of the media too. The raising children network says that â€Å"teens can be benefit from media exposure by developing cultural and political awareness† (Cruz). For example, TV, films, magazines, and social media can offer diverse display of different culture and ethic group such as Asian, Latino, Samoan, Black, and etc. There are many news channels such as CNN, FOX News, and BBC, which provides teens with an opportunity to develop the political stance and know what is going on in the world that they are living in. Another benefit about media is social media or networking. Media allows teens to find new friends, which helps to have access to bigger networks and provides more social opportunities. Media also expands skills, which direct them to modern and technological field. There are many positive reasons for the impact of the media on the youth such as cultural and political awareness, and social skills development. Television, films, magazines and social media sites expose teens – which many otherwise be limited to interactions with people from their own cultural and ethnic background – to an array of different people. † (Johnson). News channels such as CNN or FOX news provide information to the youth and give them an opportunity to have their own thoughts and opinions regardin g the certain topic. .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 , .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 .postImageUrl , .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 , .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8:hover , .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8:visited , .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8:active { border:0!important; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8:active , .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8 .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub03e66e2dfa291f5d937c0ce10ed51b8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Therapy EssayNext we have the positive effects of media on the youth’s social skills and development. â€Å"Social media also allows teens to cultivate new friendship, which brings them access to wider networks and provides even greater learning and social opportunities. (Johnson) this also brings social confidence. Social media expands teen’s social skills and it which it helps the get through the everyday life teen. For this subject an interview was done Marjan Soltani, psychology major student in Fresno State University asking for her opinion on media. She is working on her master degree. I asked her â€Å"what is your opinion on the technology in general? † Soltani stated â€Å"In my opinion technology has helped our society so much. We have access to many things that were not available to us and we can gain knowledge. Technology has brought the world together and we can access information that is on the other side of the world. We can have communication with other that live far away from us, or get news from anywhere instantly. However there are some bad things that technology has mostly on our younger generation. † There are many different opinions regarding the subject on the media’s effect on the youth. Media could be both good and bad for the youth. The percentage of health risks rises when the individual is exposed to music, movies, or TV. Some health risks that come with the high exposure rate to the media and technology is obesity. There are also unhealthy lifestyles. Eating habits of the youth have a very big impact on the future of the individuals. Media can change the eating habits of the youth very quickly and very easily. â€Å"there’s no one advertising the benefits of eating fresh fruit every day, no one’s promoting drinking 8 glasses of water daily† (Cruz). The commercials that are being mostly displayed are the fast food ads. Because the lack of commercials that promotes eating healthy, the youth has adopted many unhealthy eating habits. The media makes people left out. â€Å"It is often seen that young girls and boys imitate celebrities blindly† (Nola Mokeyane). Teens all over the world see something on the media regarding health or fitness and then wonder why they cannot be like that. Media makes the society â€Å"judged a book by its cover† instead of going in depth and realizing who a person is. Negative facts about the effects of the media are promoting and unhealthy lifestyle, moral changes, and addiction. Negativity is a common problem found in the youth due to the media. An early exposure to bolt or violent films, books publishing adult content and news portraying ugly social practices has a deep impact on young minds† (Cruz). The â€Å"young minds† could and will be greatly affected by the portrayed advertisement. What the individuals see could leave scars in the mind of the youths which will permanently affect the. It is right that there should be graphic information and intent in the media, but not to the extent that is can have a permanent effect on the minds of youth. Many different outlooks have been taken to the media as well. The changes in the behavior and outlook of people towards life are attributable to the negative psychological effects of media† (Cruz). The youth questioned their morals and many of their understanding in a negative way due to the media. Many people believe exactly what the states and accept that it is the truth and there are no other truths. Finally there is addiction which is the worst of all problems. â€Å"The negative effects of media on children are manifested in term of their changing mental setup and the declining quality of their lifestyle† (Oak). .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e , .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e .postImageUrl , .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e , .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e:hover , .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e:visited , .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e:active { border:0!important; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e:active , .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u753cd02c756c644781bd621ca37e9d6e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: the Social Impact of Fraternities EssayThe youth’s precious time is being wasted due to the alluring media. Besides reading a book or reading or playing in the outdoors, majority of the youth are hooked on the media and lack of physical and mental activity which is very important in the youth future. Because of the mass expose of the media the youth may interpret the information that they are receiving wrongly. I asked Soltani, â€Å"What are some advantages to the technology? † she stated â€Å"There are many advantages to technology that we use every day in our life. For example in my everyday life I use my IPhone, Ipad, Laptop, and many other technologies to get thing done. Most of my school work is done via Internet so I need to have access to technology to get my work done. I believe that technology helps everyone to gain knowledge in what they are interested in. many times I have gone on the internet and looked up things I was not sure about however not everything on the Internet is true because many people just put their opinion and it is not for fact that it is true. I usually go to trusted websites because I know for the fact that their information is reliable. † Formerly I asked, â€Å"Do you think it is ok for younger generation to have so much access to the technology? † Soltani responded saying, â€Å"In my opinion we should have limit for everything. Using technology at such a young age is not bad, because it can help our kids’ future and even help them to get more knowledge at a young age. Then I asked her, â€Å"What are some disadvantages to the technology? Soltani responded, â€Å"I believe that technology does not have many disadvantages. However there are some things that we should all be concerned about when it comes to the technology. Many times people use social networking websites and make their personal life public which can be very dangerous. When it comes to using the media we should be very smart and know that what are doing is not harming anyone. I have seen people put the address and numbers available on the Internet which can be very dangerous especially if they are under age. Media has many advantages that cancel out the disadvantages, yet we need to be very careful because the disadvantages can become very harmful. However I think the parents should control what their kids do if they are too young†. And finally I asked her, â€Å"Anything you want to add to this interview? † she said, I just have to say that the technology can be really helpful in our life and it can really make things easier. If we use it correctly we can all be safe and not have to worry about the dangerous factors of the media. † Media is something that everyone accesses in their everyday life and it should not just be accessible to older generation. If we start using technology at the younger age in the right way and we can make the world a better place. We should look at the half full of the glass and see the advantages the media can bring in our life. In my opinion media has more advantages than disadvantages. Different type of media such as TV, Radio, and Internet can help us find out what is going on around us in the world. It also has a bad effect too like addiction to media which is one of the main things that parents are worried about. The media can be useful for our society, but if we over use it, it can cause us really big problems.

THE IMPACT OF HOSTILE TAKEOVER IN JAPAN

THE IMPACT OF HOSTILE TAKEOVER IN JAPAN THE IMPACT OF HOSTILE TAKEOVER IN JAPANIntroductionAccording to corporate finance theorists, the objective of the firm should be to maximize value or wealth. This means for stockholders to maximize stock prices. By focusing on maximizing stockholder wealth, the firm exposes itself to the risk that managers, who are hired to operate the firm for stockholders, may have their own objectives. This can lead to conflicts between both parties. Stockholders have the power to discipline and replace managers who do not attempt to maximize their wealth. For managers there are several techniques to protect themselves for these actions (Osano, 2001).In other words: stock price maximization is the most important goal of most corporations. Stockholders own the firm and elect the board of directors, who then appoint the management team. Management is supposed to operate in the best interests of the stockholders. However, it is known that because the stock of most large firms is widely held, the mana gers of large corporations have a great deal of autonomy.Epic Tap Takeover 2010This means that managers might pursue goals other than stock price maximization. Therefore managers run the risk of being removed from their jobs, either by the firm's board of directors or by outside forces.Hostile takeover is a process that occurs when management does not want the firm to be taken over. These are most likely to occur when a firm's stock is undervalued relative to its potential because of poor management. In a hostile takeover, the managers of the acquired firm are generally fired, and any who are able to stay on, lose the autonomy they had prior to the acquisition.A potential agency conflict arises whenever the manager of a firm owns less than a substantial percentage of the firm's common stock. In most large corporations, agency conflicts are...

The Ethics of Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay

The Ethics of Embryonic Stem Cell Research - Essay Example However, the technology has had unethical, reprehensible and morally repugnant connotations in cases where it has been used for human reproduction. Cloning involves use of cells to produce or create an identical copy of the original. This owes its' tributes to the fact that stem cells can be influenced to develop to most of the 220 types of cells found in the human body such as the brain cells, blood cells, muscles, heart cells etc. since the development of antibodies research have taken practical inclination to this phenomena as a potential way to alleviate human suffering (221). The United States has long and proud history and record as a world-leading example towards advocacy for advances in sciences and medicine that improve human life. Simultaneously as the boundaries of science and knowledge are expanded, the United States leads the world as a proponent of maintaining the highest standards of moral ethics. In view of this bio cloning has both sides of positive contribution to scientific development in favor of man and adverse effects to human moral ethics. There is great potential hope and promise held by human stem cells for therapies development towards damaged organism regeneration. The ultimate result of this is healing people suffering from harsh diseases. Unlike the cases of using embryo as the source of the cell researchers have established other potential sources of diverse adult tissues. These include; umbilical cords discarder after babies are born, human placenta, bone marrow, fat, nerves, amniotic fluid, pulp of baby teethe and muscles. All these have been found to be a source of versatile stem cells. Such serious disease like childhood leukemia, juvenile, diabetes, Alzheimer's Parkinson, spinal cord injuries, heart diseases, multiple sclerosis, cancer, burns have found their cure (Hams, 35). The achievement made so far regards these diseases and methods used have not violated the moral ethics respect and dignity of the human person. Effects of bio cloning to moral ethics. Embryonic stem cell research is a leading controversy of a series of moral hazards. Embryonic stem cells exhibit indefinite replication ability in a culture dish offering unlimited generation for therapy, research and industrial application. Embryonic stem cell research refers to a mode of research where cells obtained from destroying human embryo at their late first week of age are used for therapeutical purpose, there are two sources of the embryo (Hams, 70 ). First embryos may be created from intro fertilization. The ethical use of intro fertilization is helping infertile couples to get a child. Fertilization is done outside the mother's womb. Not all embryos are planted in the womb and the remaining otherwise called leftovers are frozen and stored for future use. The surplus embryos of invitro fertilization may be used in any of the four methods named below: May be donated for research Many be donated to other infertile couples May be preserved at very low temperatures May be discarded In case of use for research, the entire embryo is destroyed to facilitate harvesting stem cell. This is

The Incorporation of Immigrants in Growing Urban Areas ( Annotated Bibliography

The Incorporation of Immigrants in Growing Urban Areas ( AAAG Style) - Annotated Bibliography Example By conducting a survey in three Chinese cities (Lanzhou, Taiyuan, and Tianjin), the authors uncover the relationships that exist between migrant workers and the three factors/players. The authors conclude that by providing equal access to urban housing benefits, migrant workers in Chinese cities may not necessarily have their housing conditions get better. This journal article is authored by Wang, Wang, and Jiansheng three scholars affiliated with the Heriot-Watt University in the United Kingdom. In their study, the three authors investigate the housing situation in Shenzhen City with a view of uncovering the facts that have led to Chinese cities’ having no slums. In their study Wang, Wang, and Jiansheng reveal how Shenzhen city is coping with the housing problem. While the city has no slums around it, it hosts urban villages which are characterised by small apartments and small shared rooms. These apartments and rooms on their part are characterised by overcrowding and poverty. The authors also reveal that private landlords and urban villages contribute significantly toward housing migrant workers in Chinese cities. This journal article is authored by Tao, Wong, and Hui, scholars affiliated with the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. In their study, the three scholars sought to establish the extent to which migrant workers living in the city of Shenzhen, China are satisfied with their housing conditions and situations. The study reveals that while many of the people in China have to contend with overcrowded houses and poor conditions, they are not as dissatisfied as one would logically expect. Some of the main factors that are behind this trend among migrants living in the country include friendship, kinship, family life and mobility. Other factors that play a role in the satisfaction of the migrants with the housing situation in china relate to the facilities and

Marketing Plan for Tylenol

Marketing Plan for Tylenol Tylenol is a North American subsidiary brand of drugs under the parent company Johnson Johnson. Tylenol is advertised to help relieve pain, reduce fever, and relieve symptoms of cold, flu, sinus, arthritis, and allergies. It has become a trusted brand that parents turn to, to help relieve common ailments their children may suffer from. As a result, Johnson Johnson has gained immense respect from consumers everywhere due to the reliability and safety of their products. However, due to a series of ongoing recalls in the past couple of years, Tylenol has been suffering tremendously. Within the past year over five Tylenol product lines have been recalled: the cold liquid products, 8-hour caplets, extra strength Tylenol, Tylenol PM products, Childrens Tylenol, Childrens Meltaway Tylenol, and Infants Tylenol. There have been many more recalls by Johnson Johnson for their other brands-such as Benadryl and Mylanta-but so far, Tylenol has had to recall these aforementioned products, and they have stated there are more recalls yet to come. The loss of sales and more importantly, the loss of customer confidence in Tylenol is a serious cause of concern. Due to the enormity of the recalls, regaining goodwill seems difficult without creative marketing. Also, this is not like the 1982 recalls, where numerous deaths were caused by an unknown assailant who injected cyanide in the Tylenol bottles. Johnson Johnson was fortunately able to recover 92% of lost sales through the revolutionary creation of tamper proof bottles. And this helped them expand with 250 operating companies in 60 countries with annual revenues near $62.5 billion. By May 2010, however, Tylenol was forced to issue numerous recalls for their Arthritis Relief caplets and Childrens Tylenol products. The FDA confirmed the moldy odor coming from the bottles was due to a bacteria that was known to be resistant to common antibiotics. The high-quality, reliable family product has now been tainted due to a lack of quality control in various manufacturing plants. And the FDA investigations have only brought more attention to the internal quality errors. Since Johnson Johnson is losing millions of dollars each month due to lost sales and factory updates, it is imperative for Johnson Johnson to improve its brand image and regain consumer confidence. Through intense ad campaigning Tylenol can educate consumers about the quality improvements and portray Tylenols actions as highly responsible. Also, all internal quality control measures can be indicated on the bottles of all Tylenol products. Consumers have an increasing need to know where their medicines come from and Tylenol can provide that information and sense of security to their consumers. By providing a serial number on all products, Tylenol can allow consumers to go online and see where their products are made. Consumers can take part in the quality control aspect by providing pivotal information regarding the performance in each of their factories. This system will allow Tylenol to understand how well each factory performs and what, if any, changes need to be made. Although internal quality control changes need to be made within the company, Tylenol must simultaneously work on improving its brand image among consumers. By building strong consumer confidence, Tylenol can recover the sales it lost as a result of these recalls. 2.0 Situation Analysis McNeil Consumer Healthcare-the consumer drug division of Johnson Johnson and makers of Tylenol-has been caught up in a series of product recalls since late 2009. For a company that has been known for above average quality, this is a major setback to the companys image as their quality control and internal practices have been called into question by federal regulators as well as consumers and industry analysts. In an effort to counteract this issue, William C. Weldon, CEO, has made several public statements and appearances to quell consumers fears and describe the steps being taken to correct this issue. 2.1 Market Summary The McNeil line of consumer healthcare products are utilized by people of all ages from infants to senior citizens and includes various well known, over the counter names including Tylenol, Rolaids, Benadryl, and Motrin. Each is a top brand in its field and has had a nearly flawless quality record. The company allows its divisions a large degree of autonomy, which protects the others from being affected by any adverse situations within their sister companies. The current issue of quality concerns and recalls started with a 2009 incident concerning Motrin ibuprofen. McNeil held a phantom recall when they noticed the product had slightly defective dissolving properties and was bought back from stores by hired private companies. In this situation, no formal recall notice was distributed and the buy backs were handled quietly without bringing attention to the issue. It was stated by Johnson Johnson that there was no safety risk, which is why they handled the situation in this matter. In 2010 however, Johnson Johnson began to receive complaints that a musty, moldy smell was emanating from bottles of its over the counter medications which was making consumers sick with symptoms that included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain. Furthermore, the company found that several of their pediatric medicines contained too much of an active ingredient or foreign material. This led to a voluntary recall of 136 million bottles. Due to this decrease in product quality, Colleen Goggins, the senior executive in charge of the McNeil line, tendered her resignation from Johnson Johnson in an effort to provide consumers with a visible solution to their woes about Johnson Johnsons quality control. In addition, a production facility in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania and another in Puerto Rico have been closed down due to poor quality standards and are currently being updated to meet FDA standards. 2.2 SWOT Analysis Strengths For decades, Johnson Johnson was the leader in quality control. Their products and customer service had always been top notch and consumers have always trusted them. In light of the McNeil recalls, Johnson Johnson can recognize the following as positives in their business: Customer Service To handle the influx of customer questions and concerns regarding recent recalls, Johnson Johnson has set up a comprehensive section on their website dedicated to explaining the details behind each recall as well providing a FAQ list, dedicated phone lines, and email addresses. Review of Manufacturing Operations Johnson Johnson is publicly admitting to performing an internal shake-up of their manufacturing operations to ensure that all production facilities maintain the quality standards they have been known for in years past. In addition, quality control has been moved from individual centers to a centralized office. This will help build conformity among all of their products by upholding a specific product standard. CEO William C. Weldon His public admission of internal error and promise to restructure the company to fix their quality issues indicates that he understands the public concern and loss of good will that will result from this. He admitted to letting his customers down and resolved to make sure Johnson Johnson does not face poor quality issues again in the future. Company History  ­Ã‚ ­- Johnson Johnsons handling of the 1982 cyanide crisis is still considered the ideal way to deal with a disaster. The media, industry analysts and consumers alike all lauded the company for its speed, efficiency and honesty for the recall and their high involvement in the criminal investigation. Johnson Johnsons comeback was made possible due to regaining consumer trust during the crisis. This history can serve as a support for Tylenols current crises and provide a platform for them to make another comeback. Weaknesses Several actions as well as the sudden decline in quality are a huge blow to the image of Johnson Johnson. These areas include: Slow Reaction time to Consumer Complaints FDA documents have shown that when the initial reports of moldy odors came to Johnson Johnson, no action was taken to rectify the problem. This indicates a lack of acknowledgement of a potentially serious issue and not grasping the gravity of the situation. Violation of Manufacturing Standards FDA inspectors have found that since 2001, several manufacturing issues have come into play including drug mix-ups, lack of training, incomplete investigations of complaints, and failure to determine the cause and solution to problems. Unsavory Recall Practices In their attempt to confront the quality issue with Motrin in 2009, Johnson Johnson simply sent a hired group to buy back available products in all retail establishments rather than conduct a formal recall. This has come under contention from the FDA as an unsound practice since it did not properly notify individuals of a potential issue. This completely counteracts Johnson Johnsons highly responsible and reliable brand image and makes consumers feel they will continue to hide important information from its consumers. Johnson Johnson has since admitted to making a poor decision in this situation. Resignation of Colleen Goggins With the tendering of Goggins resignation from the company, Johnson Johnson will be losing the long term institutional knowledge she possesses. Having been with the company since the 1980s, Goggins has overseen and controlled several strong product groups that will now be subject to new leadership and potentially a new method of management. This can cause problems down the road if the new division head isnt as strong as Goggins and could lead to excessive turnover in that position if they cannot do the job as well as Goggins had to this point. Opportunities Although currently under fire from the FDA, business analysts and consumers, Johnson Johnson can identify several areas in which they can regain their image of quality: Analysis of Facilities and Stability Testing As Johnson Johnson overhauls its quality process and revamps its manufacturing practices, they can once again position themselves as an industry leader in quality who cares for consumer well-being. If they publicize their actions to right these wrongs, their consumer base will see that their dedication to quality remains resolute. Customer Service Portals By creating a comprehensive website dedicated to recall information and quality concerns, Johnson Johnson shows that even after a misstep, they still recognize the importance of customer needs. By quickly reestablishing their presence on retail shelves with new batches of recalled medicines, Johnson Johnson shows their dedication to providing customers with the medicine they need to maintain their health. Creation of New Bottles Johnson Johnsons creation of the tamper- resistant bottles became an industry standard after the 1982 crisis. Sales were able to bounce back as more consumers started to trust Tylenol again, and Tylenol gained a competitive advantage through this innovation. By creating new bottles with the Q.C. Passed label and the plant serial number on them, Tylenol can do gain that product differentiation it needs from its competitors and generic brands alike. Threats Recalls and FDA investigation will seriously impact Johnson Johnsons image. In addition, their structure and quality control have become an area that has suddenly turned sour. Loss of Goodwill ­ Since Johnson Johnson had been a quality leader for so long; recalls of their medication will lead to a loss of consumer trust in their products. As a result, they will lose profits on these products as customers may turn to generic brands, which cost less and provide the same benefits as the name brand. Also, customers will be hesitant to go back to a product that they feel they can no longer trust. Representative Darrell Issa As a member of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, he is an outspoken critic of the FDA and Johnson Johnsons recent actions and promises to watch this issue closely to ensure both groups correct and maintain higher standards in their practices. This can result in harsher terms against Johnson Johnson if their quality does not improve as Issa may push for the FDA to enforce stricter penalties. Competitors and Bad Publicity Competitor brands such as Advil are now exploiting Tylenols current quality issues through their ad campaigns and many loyal Tylenol users are turning to other brands. Advils recent ad campaigns urge customers to trash the recalled products and try Advil free of charge. The ads are directly aimed at converting Tylenol users to Advil. Triaminic-which competes with Childrens Tylenol-is also offering their Fever Reducer Pain Relief medicine for free as part of its launch of their new line extension. This negative campaigning will surely deter Tylenols ability to maintain consumer loyalty, and will hinder further progress if consumers start preferring competitor brands over Tylenol. 2.3 Competition With many of their products no longer being protected by government patents, Johnson Johnson faces increased competition from generic producers. Charging lower prices and providing the same benefits as name brand medicines, if customers of Johnson Johnson brands no longer trust them, theyre likely to go to an option that they can trust. In addition, other established brands like Pfizer or Bayer could take this as an opportunity to create, release, or push their competitive products which would be seen in a more favorable light if their quality is regarded to be higher than Johnson Johnsons current standards. 2.4 Product Offering Distribution As mentioned in the Market Summary, Johnson Johnsons over the counter medicines include Tylenol, Motrin, Benadryl, and Rolaids. Their other branches include consumer products in the Baby Care, Skin and Hair Care, Wound Care, Oral Health, Womens Health, Nutritionals and Vision Care. Since they own nearly 250 companies with so many other various products including medical devices, and prescription products, any impact from the McNeil group of products will have a small impact on their overall revenue. Due to this, Johnson Johnson as a whole enjoys wide spread distribution across the United States and the world. However, since the recalls affect so many of their products, Tylenol needs to introduce a new innovation that can help with their product differentiation. Since the current problems lie in the quality control of their products, Tylenol can offer bottles with the Q.C. Passed stamp on it with a serial number indicating which manufacturing plant the bottle came from. This will provide consumers with the information they desire and it will separate Tylenol from all other brands, because they will do something highly innovative. This will also help Tylenols brand image as a responsible and honest company, and can potentially win back lost sales and consumer loyalty. 3.0 Marketing Strategy 3.1 Objectives The first and most crucial step needs to be a complete overhaul of the quality control process within the entire company. Fortunately, Johnson Johnson is already working on updating each of its factories and these internal changes will continue until every factory meets FDA standards. However, as that continues Johnson Johnson needs to take this opportunity to build confidence in the market. By creating a new system that will help consumers track their medicines, Johnson Johnson can aim to recover 70% of lost sales within the next fiscal year. And in order for Johnson Johnson to stimulate these sales, they need to do an intense ad campaign showing that they are taking full responsibility for their actions. By targeting these ads to mothers and reconnecting to their family-oriented consumers, Tylenol can see an upswing in sales. However, it is imperative that the changes in the packaging be done in conjunction with the marketing campaign to ensure a quick recovery. 3.2 Target Market Tylenol is a product that is used by everyone and is available everywhere, so its marketing campaign has to address each of these market segments. This marketing plan focuses on three segments that were affected the most by the recalls: Families with Children: Tylenol has an entire line of products geared towards treating colds and flu symptoms specifically for children. Even though the children are the users of this product, the consumer purchasing decision lies solely in the hands of the parents or guardians in that household. Parents are generally willing to spend extra for their childs well-being, so they are not swayed by small increases in price if they find the brand reliable. However, parents will also stop purchasing a product immediately if they see it as being unreliable, unsafe or in any way hazardous to their child. Working Class: The working class is the biggest consumer of Tylenols Rapid Release pills because these consumers need fast pain relief caused by daily stresses at their jobs. Since this market segment consists of hard working, middle-class members, their purchase decisions are based more on pricing. The Elderly: Tylenols arthritis medicines are aimed to help relieve pain symptoms felt by the elderly. They are generally late adopters and once they find a dependable product are highly likely to stay loyal to it. Although these recalls may not affect sales for the arthritis medications too much, it is important to portray Johnson Johnsons sense of responsibility so any new products can be easily adopted by them. 3.3 Positioning Tylenol can position itself as a responsible company that has to perform these recalls in order to protect its consumers. This positioning can be achieved by enforcing its history as a reliable company and its constant passion to help its customers. Tylenol can use its past experience with the 1982 cyanide case to remind consumers that they replied effectively to the disaster then, and are simply doing the same thing now. Even though Tylenols quality control issues are in question, it can still position itself as a company that is honest and willing to take the actions necessary to fix any internal issues it may face. 3.4 Marketing Strategies The main marketing objective is to remind consumers of Tylenols responsibility and honesty. So, the marketing strategy will focus on raising consumer awareness of the recalls and use it as an opportunity to re-penetrate the shrinking consumer market. The message Tylenol will convey is that its recalls were necessary to protect and safeguard the public from any potential hazards. By stressing the fact that the recalls are just a precaution-and no deaths or illnesses were linked to the use of these products-Tylenol can garner more consumer support. Primarily this message will be conveyed through intense ad campaigns, in magazines, newspapers, billboards, and on the Internet. It will also be the means through which the public will be alerted of when the recalled products will be back on the shelves, and it will also provide Tylenol with a way to inform the public about the new Q.C. Passed stamp on it. However, Tylenol needs to first stabilize the recall issues so they can regain consumer confidence. Once there is more stability within the company, Tylenol can start telling the public about the new bottles in order to recover lost sales. Since the Tylenol brand is ubiquitous, it is important for the ad campaigns to be seen by consumers everywhere. The use of the Internet will be especially helpful because the costs associated with it will be relatively cheap. Print media, although costly, will allow the advertisements to be read everywhere, from homes to doctor offices to grocery stores. Along with these ads, Tylenol will employ its website to inform the public of its recalls-which it already does-and it will also create a forum for customer feedback. This is another cost-effective method for Tylenol to talk honestly about the recalls and prove their responsibility. Plus, this can generate future ideas the company can use to satisfy its loyal customers. 3.5 Marketing Mix The marketing mix for Johnson Johnson will mainly consist of the relaunch of recalled products, pricing and intense advertising. The distribution portion of the marketing mix will remain the same because Johnson Johnson has a strong network of distributors and stores to reach the target markets. Products: The main change that needs to be made for the Tylenol products is the quality of them. Johnson Johnson is focusing on the quality control systems at each of its plants already, and as the products are reintroduced to the public, their quality needs to be tested thoroughly to confirm there will not be any issues again. The Q.C. Passed stamps also need to be added to the new bottles to show the public that each bottle stands up to the high quality standards set by Johnson Johnson. Pricing: The prices of each product will remain the same but as Johnson Johnson is doing already, it has to continue providing coupons for its customers. However, the main issue with these coupons is that they are available online, which is not the most practical way to distribute coupons because most people do not remember to print these coupons when they are using the Internet. Also, this is extremely problematic for the older consumers who use Tylenol Arthritis Pain Relief because they are not active Internet users. So, it is important to provide coupons in stores so consumers can use them right away. Advertising: The advertising campaigns will focus on the target markets and will remind the consumers of Johnson Johnsons responsibility. They will work to provide consumers with the peace of mind that Johnson Johnson is doing everything in its power to fix these problems. The ads are directed towards, mothers, the elderly and the working class. It is imperative to advertise anywhere and everywhere possible so Tylenol can have more control over how the recalls are portrayed in the eyes of the consumer. 3.6 Marketing Research The website will provide a way for Tylenol to have a dialogue with its consumers, so new ideas can be suggested by the users of the products. This will also provide a way for Tylenol to better communicate with its consumers and alert them of any changes in their products. Also, by providing the serial number on the bottles, Tylenol will be better able to track any issues in the quality processes based on which plant any complaints are linked to. This will shorten the time it takes Tylenol to make changes because they will be able to pinpoint issues much sooner. Lastly, it is very important to understand the full effect of these recalls in the minds of the consumers. With each of the bottles of medicine Tylenol sells, it can provide a questionnaire for the customer to fill out and send back to Johnson Johnson for a 50% coupon. Even though the coupon provides a huge discount, the information the questionnaires will provide, will estimate how much damage control Tylenol really needs to do for its brand equity. 4.0 Financials Johnson Johnsons recall of several McNeil Healthcare products will have several negative financial impacts on the companys bottom line. The most direct impact is loss of income from lost sales of recalled products. With these products being off store shelves for various periods of time, consumers will not be able to buy these products and the company will lose money. Furthermore, future sales will be lost when customers turn to competitor products and decide not to go back to Johnson Johnson products because of loss of goodwill resulting from the recalls. The estimated loss is expected to be close to $200 million. Additionally, the company will lose sales from decreased production as a result of plant closings to reevaluate quality controls in an effort to deter this situation from happening again in the future. This loss is expected to amount to almost $600 million over the course of a year. Other yet unrealized losses will come from the reconfiguring and reconstruction of the plants, retraining employees to new systems and controls, and advertising dollars that will be needed to assure the public that Johnson Johnson products are safe again and still maintain quality standard they have. 5.0 Controls In order for Johnson Johnson to regain their status in the market, they will need to ensure that they do not have a quality mishap like this again. Several steps have already been taken to rectify the situation including closing two plants found to have severe issues, creating a dedicated website to inform customers of their rights and to provide general information under the recall, and exiting Collen Goggins from her position of overseeing McNeil health products. These actions show customers and the general public that Johnson Johnson is taking responsibility for their actions and doing what they can in the short run to make an immediate fix. CEO William Weldons numerous public statements about the companys dedication to quality and admission of making a mistake, should assist with gaining back some customer good will. 5.1 Implementation With all that is being done, Johnson Johnson needs to put other controls in place to guarantee increased quality among their line of products. First of all they need to innovate a new method for quality control. This can be something like indicating which plant products are produced to clarify where mistakes are being made if something were to go wrong again. This would also show customers that Johnson Johnson has a company-wide quality standard that each plant must follow. This will also make each plant function better because the tracking system will hold specific plants solely responsible for any problems in the future. Another factor in retaining or winning back customers will be strong marketing. The company needs to push their new quality regiment with a full press marketing plan. This should include print, TV, radio, internet, and billboard advertising. This campaign should show how Johnson Johnson values the health and well being of their customers and should also include an apology letting the public know how sorry they are for the inconvenience caused by not maintaining the quality they have been known for. By implementing these controls, Johnson Johnson should be able to regain potential lost customers and perhaps some new ones by showing their recommitment to quality after this mishap. After being a quality leader for years, the company needs to do whatever it takes to repeat history and make yet another comeback, or risk being defeated by its own negligence.