Marketing Plan for Tylenol

Marketing Plan for Tylenol Tylenol is a North American subsidiary brand of drugs under the parent company Johnson Johnson. Tylenol is advertised to help relieve pain, reduce fever, and relieve symptoms of cold, flu, sinus, arthritis, and allergies. It has become a trusted brand that parents turn to, to help relieve common ailments their children may suffer from. As a result, Johnson Johnson has gained immense respect from consumers everywhere due to the reliability and safety of their products. However, due to a series of ongoing recalls in the past couple of years, Tylenol has been suffering tremendously. Within the past year over five Tylenol product lines have been recalled: the cold liquid products, 8-hour caplets, extra strength Tylenol, Tylenol PM products, Childrens Tylenol, Childrens Meltaway Tylenol, and Infants Tylenol. There have been many more recalls by Johnson Johnson for their other brands-such as Benadryl and Mylanta-but so far, Tylenol has had to recall these aforementioned products, and they have stated there are more recalls yet to come. The loss of sales and more importantly, the loss of customer confidence in Tylenol is a serious cause of concern. Due to the enormity of the recalls, regaining goodwill seems difficult without creative marketing. Also, this is not like the 1982 recalls, where numerous deaths were caused by an unknown assailant who injected cyanide in the Tylenol bottles. Johnson Johnson was fortunately able to recover 92% of lost sales through the revolutionary creation of tamper proof bottles. And this helped them expand with 250 operating companies in 60 countries with annual revenues near $62.5 billion. By May 2010, however, Tylenol was forced to issue numerous recalls for their Arthritis Relief caplets and Childrens Tylenol products. The FDA confirmed the moldy odor coming from the bottles was due to a bacteria that was known to be resistant to common antibiotics. The high-quality, reliable family product has now been tainted due to a lack of quality control in various manufacturing plants. And the FDA investigations have only brought more attention to the internal quality errors. Since Johnson Johnson is losing millions of dollars each month due to lost sales and factory updates, it is imperative for Johnson Johnson to improve its brand image and regain consumer confidence. Through intense ad campaigning Tylenol can educate consumers about the quality improvements and portray Tylenols actions as highly responsible. Also, all internal quality control measures can be indicated on the bottles of all Tylenol products. Consumers have an increasing need to know where their medicines come from and Tylenol can provide that information and sense of security to their consumers. By providing a serial number on all products, Tylenol can allow consumers to go online and see where their products are made. Consumers can take part in the quality control aspect by providing pivotal information regarding the performance in each of their factories. This system will allow Tylenol to understand how well each factory performs and what, if any, changes need to be made. Although internal quality control changes need to be made within the company, Tylenol must simultaneously work on improving its brand image among consumers. By building strong consumer confidence, Tylenol can recover the sales it lost as a result of these recalls. 2.0 Situation Analysis McNeil Consumer Healthcare-the consumer drug division of Johnson Johnson and makers of Tylenol-has been caught up in a series of product recalls since late 2009. For a company that has been known for above average quality, this is a major setback to the companys image as their quality control and internal practices have been called into question by federal regulators as well as consumers and industry analysts. In an effort to counteract this issue, William C. Weldon, CEO, has made several public statements and appearances to quell consumers fears and describe the steps being taken to correct this issue. 2.1 Market Summary The McNeil line of consumer healthcare products are utilized by people of all ages from infants to senior citizens and includes various well known, over the counter names including Tylenol, Rolaids, Benadryl, and Motrin. Each is a top brand in its field and has had a nearly flawless quality record. The company allows its divisions a large degree of autonomy, which protects the others from being affected by any adverse situations within their sister companies. The current issue of quality concerns and recalls started with a 2009 incident concerning Motrin ibuprofen. McNeil held a phantom recall when they noticed the product had slightly defective dissolving properties and was bought back from stores by hired private companies. In this situation, no formal recall notice was distributed and the buy backs were handled quietly without bringing attention to the issue. It was stated by Johnson Johnson that there was no safety risk, which is why they handled the situation in this matter. In 2010 however, Johnson Johnson began to receive complaints that a musty, moldy smell was emanating from bottles of its over the counter medications which was making consumers sick with symptoms that included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach pain. Furthermore, the company found that several of their pediatric medicines contained too much of an active ingredient or foreign material. This led to a voluntary recall of 136 million bottles. Due to this decrease in product quality, Colleen Goggins, the senior executive in charge of the McNeil line, tendered her resignation from Johnson Johnson in an effort to provide consumers with a visible solution to their woes about Johnson Johnsons quality control. In addition, a production facility in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania and another in Puerto Rico have been closed down due to poor quality standards and are currently being updated to meet FDA standards. 2.2 SWOT Analysis Strengths For decades, Johnson Johnson was the leader in quality control. Their products and customer service had always been top notch and consumers have always trusted them. In light of the McNeil recalls, Johnson Johnson can recognize the following as positives in their business: Customer Service To handle the influx of customer questions and concerns regarding recent recalls, Johnson Johnson has set up a comprehensive section on their website dedicated to explaining the details behind each recall as well providing a FAQ list, dedicated phone lines, and email addresses. Review of Manufacturing Operations Johnson Johnson is publicly admitting to performing an internal shake-up of their manufacturing operations to ensure that all production facilities maintain the quality standards they have been known for in years past. In addition, quality control has been moved from individual centers to a centralized office. This will help build conformity among all of their products by upholding a specific product standard. CEO William C. Weldon His public admission of internal error and promise to restructure the company to fix their quality issues indicates that he understands the public concern and loss of good will that will result from this. He admitted to letting his customers down and resolved to make sure Johnson Johnson does not face poor quality issues again in the future. Company History  ­Ã‚ ­- Johnson Johnsons handling of the 1982 cyanide crisis is still considered the ideal way to deal with a disaster. The media, industry analysts and consumers alike all lauded the company for its speed, efficiency and honesty for the recall and their high involvement in the criminal investigation. Johnson Johnsons comeback was made possible due to regaining consumer trust during the crisis. This history can serve as a support for Tylenols current crises and provide a platform for them to make another comeback. Weaknesses Several actions as well as the sudden decline in quality are a huge blow to the image of Johnson Johnson. These areas include: Slow Reaction time to Consumer Complaints FDA documents have shown that when the initial reports of moldy odors came to Johnson Johnson, no action was taken to rectify the problem. This indicates a lack of acknowledgement of a potentially serious issue and not grasping the gravity of the situation. Violation of Manufacturing Standards FDA inspectors have found that since 2001, several manufacturing issues have come into play including drug mix-ups, lack of training, incomplete investigations of complaints, and failure to determine the cause and solution to problems. Unsavory Recall Practices In their attempt to confront the quality issue with Motrin in 2009, Johnson Johnson simply sent a hired group to buy back available products in all retail establishments rather than conduct a formal recall. This has come under contention from the FDA as an unsound practice since it did not properly notify individuals of a potential issue. This completely counteracts Johnson Johnsons highly responsible and reliable brand image and makes consumers feel they will continue to hide important information from its consumers. Johnson Johnson has since admitted to making a poor decision in this situation. Resignation of Colleen Goggins With the tendering of Goggins resignation from the company, Johnson Johnson will be losing the long term institutional knowledge she possesses. Having been with the company since the 1980s, Goggins has overseen and controlled several strong product groups that will now be subject to new leadership and potentially a new method of management. This can cause problems down the road if the new division head isnt as strong as Goggins and could lead to excessive turnover in that position if they cannot do the job as well as Goggins had to this point. Opportunities Although currently under fire from the FDA, business analysts and consumers, Johnson Johnson can identify several areas in which they can regain their image of quality: Analysis of Facilities and Stability Testing As Johnson Johnson overhauls its quality process and revamps its manufacturing practices, they can once again position themselves as an industry leader in quality who cares for consumer well-being. If they publicize their actions to right these wrongs, their consumer base will see that their dedication to quality remains resolute. Customer Service Portals By creating a comprehensive website dedicated to recall information and quality concerns, Johnson Johnson shows that even after a misstep, they still recognize the importance of customer needs. By quickly reestablishing their presence on retail shelves with new batches of recalled medicines, Johnson Johnson shows their dedication to providing customers with the medicine they need to maintain their health. Creation of New Bottles Johnson Johnsons creation of the tamper- resistant bottles became an industry standard after the 1982 crisis. Sales were able to bounce back as more consumers started to trust Tylenol again, and Tylenol gained a competitive advantage through this innovation. By creating new bottles with the Q.C. Passed label and the plant serial number on them, Tylenol can do gain that product differentiation it needs from its competitors and generic brands alike. Threats Recalls and FDA investigation will seriously impact Johnson Johnsons image. In addition, their structure and quality control have become an area that has suddenly turned sour. Loss of Goodwill ­ Since Johnson Johnson had been a quality leader for so long; recalls of their medication will lead to a loss of consumer trust in their products. As a result, they will lose profits on these products as customers may turn to generic brands, which cost less and provide the same benefits as the name brand. Also, customers will be hesitant to go back to a product that they feel they can no longer trust. Representative Darrell Issa As a member of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, he is an outspoken critic of the FDA and Johnson Johnsons recent actions and promises to watch this issue closely to ensure both groups correct and maintain higher standards in their practices. This can result in harsher terms against Johnson Johnson if their quality does not improve as Issa may push for the FDA to enforce stricter penalties. Competitors and Bad Publicity Competitor brands such as Advil are now exploiting Tylenols current quality issues through their ad campaigns and many loyal Tylenol users are turning to other brands. Advils recent ad campaigns urge customers to trash the recalled products and try Advil free of charge. The ads are directly aimed at converting Tylenol users to Advil. Triaminic-which competes with Childrens Tylenol-is also offering their Fever Reducer Pain Relief medicine for free as part of its launch of their new line extension. This negative campaigning will surely deter Tylenols ability to maintain consumer loyalty, and will hinder further progress if consumers start preferring competitor brands over Tylenol. 2.3 Competition With many of their products no longer being protected by government patents, Johnson Johnson faces increased competition from generic producers. Charging lower prices and providing the same benefits as name brand medicines, if customers of Johnson Johnson brands no longer trust them, theyre likely to go to an option that they can trust. In addition, other established brands like Pfizer or Bayer could take this as an opportunity to create, release, or push their competitive products which would be seen in a more favorable light if their quality is regarded to be higher than Johnson Johnsons current standards. 2.4 Product Offering Distribution As mentioned in the Market Summary, Johnson Johnsons over the counter medicines include Tylenol, Motrin, Benadryl, and Rolaids. Their other branches include consumer products in the Baby Care, Skin and Hair Care, Wound Care, Oral Health, Womens Health, Nutritionals and Vision Care. Since they own nearly 250 companies with so many other various products including medical devices, and prescription products, any impact from the McNeil group of products will have a small impact on their overall revenue. Due to this, Johnson Johnson as a whole enjoys wide spread distribution across the United States and the world. However, since the recalls affect so many of their products, Tylenol needs to introduce a new innovation that can help with their product differentiation. Since the current problems lie in the quality control of their products, Tylenol can offer bottles with the Q.C. Passed stamp on it with a serial number indicating which manufacturing plant the bottle came from. This will provide consumers with the information they desire and it will separate Tylenol from all other brands, because they will do something highly innovative. This will also help Tylenols brand image as a responsible and honest company, and can potentially win back lost sales and consumer loyalty. 3.0 Marketing Strategy 3.1 Objectives The first and most crucial step needs to be a complete overhaul of the quality control process within the entire company. Fortunately, Johnson Johnson is already working on updating each of its factories and these internal changes will continue until every factory meets FDA standards. However, as that continues Johnson Johnson needs to take this opportunity to build confidence in the market. By creating a new system that will help consumers track their medicines, Johnson Johnson can aim to recover 70% of lost sales within the next fiscal year. And in order for Johnson Johnson to stimulate these sales, they need to do an intense ad campaign showing that they are taking full responsibility for their actions. By targeting these ads to mothers and reconnecting to their family-oriented consumers, Tylenol can see an upswing in sales. However, it is imperative that the changes in the packaging be done in conjunction with the marketing campaign to ensure a quick recovery. 3.2 Target Market Tylenol is a product that is used by everyone and is available everywhere, so its marketing campaign has to address each of these market segments. This marketing plan focuses on three segments that were affected the most by the recalls: Families with Children: Tylenol has an entire line of products geared towards treating colds and flu symptoms specifically for children. Even though the children are the users of this product, the consumer purchasing decision lies solely in the hands of the parents or guardians in that household. Parents are generally willing to spend extra for their childs well-being, so they are not swayed by small increases in price if they find the brand reliable. However, parents will also stop purchasing a product immediately if they see it as being unreliable, unsafe or in any way hazardous to their child. Working Class: The working class is the biggest consumer of Tylenols Rapid Release pills because these consumers need fast pain relief caused by daily stresses at their jobs. Since this market segment consists of hard working, middle-class members, their purchase decisions are based more on pricing. The Elderly: Tylenols arthritis medicines are aimed to help relieve pain symptoms felt by the elderly. They are generally late adopters and once they find a dependable product are highly likely to stay loyal to it. Although these recalls may not affect sales for the arthritis medications too much, it is important to portray Johnson Johnsons sense of responsibility so any new products can be easily adopted by them. 3.3 Positioning Tylenol can position itself as a responsible company that has to perform these recalls in order to protect its consumers. This positioning can be achieved by enforcing its history as a reliable company and its constant passion to help its customers. Tylenol can use its past experience with the 1982 cyanide case to remind consumers that they replied effectively to the disaster then, and are simply doing the same thing now. Even though Tylenols quality control issues are in question, it can still position itself as a company that is honest and willing to take the actions necessary to fix any internal issues it may face. 3.4 Marketing Strategies The main marketing objective is to remind consumers of Tylenols responsibility and honesty. So, the marketing strategy will focus on raising consumer awareness of the recalls and use it as an opportunity to re-penetrate the shrinking consumer market. The message Tylenol will convey is that its recalls were necessary to protect and safeguard the public from any potential hazards. By stressing the fact that the recalls are just a precaution-and no deaths or illnesses were linked to the use of these products-Tylenol can garner more consumer support. Primarily this message will be conveyed through intense ad campaigns, in magazines, newspapers, billboards, and on the Internet. It will also be the means through which the public will be alerted of when the recalled products will be back on the shelves, and it will also provide Tylenol with a way to inform the public about the new Q.C. Passed stamp on it. However, Tylenol needs to first stabilize the recall issues so they can regain consumer confidence. Once there is more stability within the company, Tylenol can start telling the public about the new bottles in order to recover lost sales. Since the Tylenol brand is ubiquitous, it is important for the ad campaigns to be seen by consumers everywhere. The use of the Internet will be especially helpful because the costs associated with it will be relatively cheap. Print media, although costly, will allow the advertisements to be read everywhere, from homes to doctor offices to grocery stores. Along with these ads, Tylenol will employ its website to inform the public of its recalls-which it already does-and it will also create a forum for customer feedback. This is another cost-effective method for Tylenol to talk honestly about the recalls and prove their responsibility. Plus, this can generate future ideas the company can use to satisfy its loyal customers. 3.5 Marketing Mix The marketing mix for Johnson Johnson will mainly consist of the relaunch of recalled products, pricing and intense advertising. The distribution portion of the marketing mix will remain the same because Johnson Johnson has a strong network of distributors and stores to reach the target markets. Products: The main change that needs to be made for the Tylenol products is the quality of them. Johnson Johnson is focusing on the quality control systems at each of its plants already, and as the products are reintroduced to the public, their quality needs to be tested thoroughly to confirm there will not be any issues again. The Q.C. Passed stamps also need to be added to the new bottles to show the public that each bottle stands up to the high quality standards set by Johnson Johnson. Pricing: The prices of each product will remain the same but as Johnson Johnson is doing already, it has to continue providing coupons for its customers. However, the main issue with these coupons is that they are available online, which is not the most practical way to distribute coupons because most people do not remember to print these coupons when they are using the Internet. Also, this is extremely problematic for the older consumers who use Tylenol Arthritis Pain Relief because they are not active Internet users. So, it is important to provide coupons in stores so consumers can use them right away. Advertising: The advertising campaigns will focus on the target markets and will remind the consumers of Johnson Johnsons responsibility. They will work to provide consumers with the peace of mind that Johnson Johnson is doing everything in its power to fix these problems. The ads are directed towards, mothers, the elderly and the working class. It is imperative to advertise anywhere and everywhere possible so Tylenol can have more control over how the recalls are portrayed in the eyes of the consumer. 3.6 Marketing Research The website will provide a way for Tylenol to have a dialogue with its consumers, so new ideas can be suggested by the users of the products. This will also provide a way for Tylenol to better communicate with its consumers and alert them of any changes in their products. Also, by providing the serial number on the bottles, Tylenol will be better able to track any issues in the quality processes based on which plant any complaints are linked to. This will shorten the time it takes Tylenol to make changes because they will be able to pinpoint issues much sooner. Lastly, it is very important to understand the full effect of these recalls in the minds of the consumers. With each of the bottles of medicine Tylenol sells, it can provide a questionnaire for the customer to fill out and send back to Johnson Johnson for a 50% coupon. Even though the coupon provides a huge discount, the information the questionnaires will provide, will estimate how much damage control Tylenol really needs to do for its brand equity. 4.0 Financials Johnson Johnsons recall of several McNeil Healthcare products will have several negative financial impacts on the companys bottom line. The most direct impact is loss of income from lost sales of recalled products. With these products being off store shelves for various periods of time, consumers will not be able to buy these products and the company will lose money. Furthermore, future sales will be lost when customers turn to competitor products and decide not to go back to Johnson Johnson products because of loss of goodwill resulting from the recalls. The estimated loss is expected to be close to $200 million. Additionally, the company will lose sales from decreased production as a result of plant closings to reevaluate quality controls in an effort to deter this situation from happening again in the future. This loss is expected to amount to almost $600 million over the course of a year. Other yet unrealized losses will come from the reconfiguring and reconstruction of the plants, retraining employees to new systems and controls, and advertising dollars that will be needed to assure the public that Johnson Johnson products are safe again and still maintain quality standard they have. 5.0 Controls In order for Johnson Johnson to regain their status in the market, they will need to ensure that they do not have a quality mishap like this again. Several steps have already been taken to rectify the situation including closing two plants found to have severe issues, creating a dedicated website to inform customers of their rights and to provide general information under the recall, and exiting Collen Goggins from her position of overseeing McNeil health products. These actions show customers and the general public that Johnson Johnson is taking responsibility for their actions and doing what they can in the short run to make an immediate fix. CEO William Weldons numerous public statements about the companys dedication to quality and admission of making a mistake, should assist with gaining back some customer good will. 5.1 Implementation With all that is being done, Johnson Johnson needs to put other controls in place to guarantee increased quality among their line of products. First of all they need to innovate a new method for quality control. This can be something like indicating which plant products are produced to clarify where mistakes are being made if something were to go wrong again. This would also show customers that Johnson Johnson has a company-wide quality standard that each plant must follow. This will also make each plant function better because the tracking system will hold specific plants solely responsible for any problems in the future. Another factor in retaining or winning back customers will be strong marketing. The company needs to push their new quality regiment with a full press marketing plan. This should include print, TV, radio, internet, and billboard advertising. This campaign should show how Johnson Johnson values the health and well being of their customers and should also include an apology letting the public know how sorry they are for the inconvenience caused by not maintaining the quality they have been known for. By implementing these controls, Johnson Johnson should be able to regain potential lost customers and perhaps some new ones by showing their recommitment to quality after this mishap. After being a quality leader for years, the company needs to do whatever it takes to repeat history and make yet another comeback, or risk being defeated by its own negligence.

faulkner essay :: essays research papers

Sanity Must Be It In William Faulkner’s, As I Lay Dying, Addie died and told her family to bury her in Jefferson with the rest of her family. Of course, they listened and carried her dead body on a wagon. On their journey they encountered multiple complicated situations, which tested their limits of sanity and insanity. The second oldest son, Darl, came out as the sanest of them all. With the family’s own desires, it causes each person to become an insane person. Darl, however, cares for others and observe their actions to determine how they are doing. He was aware of his own existence and surroundings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anse, the father of the Bundren family, acts selfishly through his laziness and greed. For example, his family constantly does chores around the house, but he does not because â€Å"he was sick once from working in the sun the if he ever sweats, he will die†(17). His lethargy shows when he refuses to work because he will die from a drop of sweat. That is preposterous, considering he makes his children labor and make up for his part. In addition, Dewey Dell knew Darl burned down the barn and â€Å"she hadn’t said a word, hadn’t even looked at [Darl] when them fellows told him what they wanted and that they had come to get him†(237). Darl’s family wanted him gone because if he were taken away as an insane man, then Anse would not have to pay for the barn damages. Anse would do anything just to conserve their money and keep him out of trouble. His saved money only goes to his teeth, and would not spend a penny for anything. No one c ares what may come about to another family member but what would happen to themselves. In the end, Anse and the other children’s selfishness led them to become psychotic people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As an outsiders’ point of view, the Bundren family’s neighbors notice how Darl functions as the most normal of them all. For instance, Darl walks into Addie’s room to see how she is doing, and Cora says, â€Å"I always said Darl was different from those others. I always said he was the only one of them that had his mother’s nature, had any natural affection†(21). He cared for his mother unlike the others. Darl took time out of his day to see how his mother was coming along.

Nursing Management Essay

Nursing Management, named 2003 Publication of the Year by the American Society of Healthcare Publication Editors, places special emphasis on the new skills needed to succeed in today’s turbulent health care arena, and prides itself on being a strong, independent platform for the expression of a broad range of opinions and views. It is devoted to nursing management concerns including recruitment, retention, reimbursement news, legal issues, and the pressing health care industry. Nursing management is performing leadership functions of governance and decision-making within organizations employing nurses. It includes processes common to all management like planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. Importance of nursing management and function of the nurse manger: Nursing Management a useful source for current advice on how to manage health care delivery across the continuum of care. Novice nurses’ orientation to clinical nursing practice occurs in the critical period between graduation and acquiring the professional nurse role. Accommodating this transition process presents a challenge to expert clinicians in communicating essential behaviors intrinsic to the nursing discipline. In general, the beginning nurse lacks confidence in performing many new skills, and initial responses to problematic situations can escalate into dilemmas without intervention from an experienced clinician of we can say by nurse manager. Therefore, to gain recognition as a discipline that nurtures, supports, and provides guidance for new members, strategies must be developed to improve the transition of the novice nurse to professional nursing practice. Nurse Managers are key to retention, but limited by the scope and multiple skills needed for the role. The role and expectations for nurse managers in ambulatory settings are rapidly changing. Several recent trends should be of concern to nurse executives. Increasingly complex health care services are being provided in this profession. The Nurse Manager plays an essential role in healthcare. She sets the tone of any Healthcare System. The Manager is the backbone of the organization. The quality of patient care, as well as staff recruitment and retention success, rests with this key role. Over time it will be the strength of the nurse manager group that determines the success or failure of nursing leadership, the COO, and even the CEO. As critical as it is to develop those concrete and pragmatic skills noted above, there is also a delicate subtle art to being a Nurse Manager, to balancing the tensions between quality and cost, to dealing with multiple stakeholders, presenting conflicting agendas, to dealing with stress and pressure every day, to implementing processes needed to ensure that individualized compassionate care is provided consistently in the most efficient and effective manner possible ,these qualities in the manager comes from experience. He has the pivotal role in creating an environment that provides quality care for patient and opportunities for growth and development and staff. Constructive and positive attitude towards employ relation makes good manager sense . manager attitude is critical to the ability to staff to meet both there own profession goals of the organisation. the nurse manager has two main roles manage of patient care and provide the necessary source for that situation. The manager action must be superior in grievance handling, employ discipline. On the other hand nurses ensuring that patients receive the best care possible by highly competent and caring. A vital component of nursing consists of communicating effectively with patients and their family. One would assume that this principle would also apply between colleagues. Nurses are professionals and therefore should communicate accordingly with fellow peers as one’s attitude of another can jeopardize or influence others in regards to an effective working relationship and environment in a health care environment characterized by a shortage of nurses, retention is important to achieving good outcomes. The nursing is to provide quality patient care. This mandate becomes harder all the time, especially given the financial and staffing issues that healthcare organizations are facing. Nevertheless, the Nurse Managers is the person responsible for maintaining quality on the unit. She must define what quality means on her unit, set standards for quality, develop consistent processes, eliminate errors, measure results, and constantly improve performance. Benner (1984) discussed the need for clinical experts in patient care areas to provide clinical teaching for new nurses who are in the beginner or advanced beginner levels in their nursing practice. Because novice nurses do not typically understand the contextual meaning of newly learned theoretical concepts, they require guidance in the clinical setting that is generally provided by a more experienced nurse. As a nurse manager, you are expected to handle all the problems on your unit – whether internal or interdepartmental, concerning competencies or complaints, or concerning patients or families. But you’ve come up through the ranks, you’ve seen it all, and you can handle everything thrown at you. Nurse Managers were interviewed and all ward-based G grade charge nurses within the trust were sent a questionnaire to ascertain: the level of satisfaction with the way the changes had been introduced; whether they were in favor of the changes; and if they had sufficient time, knowledge, resources, preparation and support to enable them to undertake their new role. A random sample of charge nurses was also interviewed. It was found that the majority of charge nurses were in favor of the development of their role, believing it to be both inevitable and necessary. However, many felt that the change process had been managed ineffectively. There had been insufficient consultation during the change process, preparation and support were perceived as inadequate, the roles of the various protagonists were often unclear, and the lack of supernumerary status led to role conflict and confusion. As a consequence the new ward managers were often unable to fulfill the true potential of this demanding but exciting role. The nurse manager who clarifies the vision of collaboration, practices as a role model for collaboration, and inspires others to achieve this difficult goal. In addition, the nurse manager manipulates the environmental resources and facilitates self-confidence of staff. The management paradigm that unites the work environment with individual ability is most likely to facilitate collaborative practice. Difference between the expert nurse and the novice nurse: For many years student nurses were trained in a more disciplined approach with considerable time allocated to working in the hospital environment and specified times allowed for gaining theoretical knowledge throughout their formal training. Nurses therefore gained a tremendous amount of experience and competency in their practical skills. With the introduction of more specialized equipment and technology it was now desirable to improve the professional status of nurses and nursing education. The introduction of university trained nurses has been met with much criticism. Student nurses are now being empowered and informed with theoretical knowledge from many health disciplines that allows them to use a holistic approach to patient care. The changes to nurse education were hoped to improve the professional status of nurses although this transition has not been without problems. Integrating inexperienced nurses onto the unit with the nurturing and encouragement they need is a primary charge to the Nurse Manager. Yet the pressure of daily life on a nursing unit often precludes time for true mentoring and the TLC that is integral to fostering trust and commitment in orienting staff. A failure in this realm leads to diminished morale and high turnover among the nursing staff. Experienced nurses who are already working in stressful conditions with continuous staff shortages and poor recognition of service see the student nurse sometimes as an extra hindrance to their already increasing workload. Student nurses are theoretically competent but lack the clinical expertise and experience to complement this knowledge which can also add to the professional pressure that experience nurses encounter. Most nurses would like to see themselves, as promoters of nursing but are frustrated and disillusioned with their profession. It would seem then that student nurses as a result of this dissatisfaction are often devoured by some nurses instead of being encouraged and nurtured in their enthusiasm for nursing. the novice nurses has no enough experience to grasp aspect and recurrent meaningful component of the current situation for example a newly graduated nurse student, he has no understanding of situation exists he can not perform well as we aspect, in that case the responsibility of the manager is much, he is responsible for all activities more work load and stress due to the novice nurses. He determines which aspects of situations are important and which can be ignored him in the case of novice nerse,the manager kept one question in mind, he can perform this work or not. So the responsibility of the nurse manager is more in case of novice nurse. The performance of novice nurse is guided by principals and rules of conduct, so the manager has another responsibility to create some rules and limitation for novice nurse. Expert nurses have an ability to take decision according to the situation, Able to focus on the accurate region of the problem of the situation because judgment is based on understanding of paradigms. Effectiveness of practice not hindered by any wasted regard of alternative diagnosis or solutions. In this case the responsibility of the manager is less, and free to perform to another work. Novice nurse has no experience so he can not judge, what is the actual situation and he can not take decision, he is waiting the order of manager, so the responsibility and the work varies. Novice nurses can main health problem but experienced nurse can do well, all discussed problem. The main thing is, satisfaction of patient, it is only possible by experienced nurse. Expectation of medical surgical team by new nurse manager with respect of experienced nurse: Nursing has always been a physically demanding profession. Today the physical demand is as great as ever with the added challenge of highly technical and increasingly complex treatment modalities. The nurse is an analyst, a communicator, a facilitator, a problem solver, a decision maker, and above all a clinical expert. Nursing requires a broad theoretical base and a new and ever changing clinical skill set, along with the ability to integrate theory with clinical practice. Without the necessary educational preparation and on-going in-service training the nurse will feel overwhelmed, stressed, and unsupported. And to the Nurse Manager falls the task of assuring that her staff doesn’t lag behind and that high quality patient care is sustained regardless of newly imposed expectations. The pressing need for health care reform in this century has contributed to an increasing interest in educating health care providers who can deliver cost-effective, high-quality care. Demand for primary care nurse practitioners has risen significantly, and nursing education has responded by increasing the numbers and graduates of nurse practitioner programs. Although this century brings new opportunities for expanded nursing roles, it also presents challenges for nurse practitioners to sustain a holistic perspective while providing quality care. The new Nurse Manager may be uncomfortable or frustrated when she realizes that she has 100% responsibility for everything that happens on her unit, without 100% authority. That’s because she has to rely partially on other departments e. g. housekeeping, food services, pharmacy, etc. for her success. The successful seasoned manager has developed interpersonal skills, interdepartmental relationships, and the skill to apply effective influence, even lacking formal authority. In this profession the main thing is that how we can control the critical condition. he main objective if this profession is, that how we can recover the patient as soon as possible and some times to save his life in the most serious condition, in these condition the expert or we can say having tremendous knowledge and ability to take decision it doesn’t matter, he is an manager or experienced nurse but the matter is that to take correct decision within time. it is the profession in which we prefer the experience and practice not degree, because in this field it is necessary to save life of anyone and this is comes from practice not achieve a degree of management . ere the expert means who has experienced in the care of patients with restrictive airway disease in an emergency department setting, has experience in the insertion of peripheral access devices on daily basis. He provides assistance with physician insertion of central venous access devices and arterial lines Expert has 25 years of experience in the management of pain in patients in variety of settings in acute care and in medical office practice, Expert has clinical experience in an acute care hospital setting. His areas of expertise include outpatient surgery, medical, surgical, telemetry, intensive care, and the emergency department. He carried out all patient care functions within the realm of hospital policy and nurse practice act as a licensed practical nurse caring for the urgent visit patient under the auspices of the emergency department. Nurse Experts provides healthcare consulting and technical advice to attorneys, physicians, insurance and accreditation organizations, health professionals, private investigators, injured and 3rd parties, media and production. Our nurse experts also provide special services to hospital and nursing home risk management departments. On the above discussion we can say that medical surgical team wants a person who can help in his case it does not matter he was a manager or a nurse but he has an ability to handle the situation with responsibilities, he can take active part in his operation and not commit mistake because in this profession there is no chance of mistakes. Now the one question arise that how they satisfied there job, the answer is that if he has ability to handle the situation, he has ability to satisfy the patient, provide good curing, in this profession the main thing is that how we can deal with the patient problems, provide better treatment so that the patient recover soon then they are perfect in there job and then we can say that they satisfied there job.

Why All White Gold Is Plated

Did you know nearly all white gold is plated with another metal to make it the shiny white color that it is? Heres a look at what white gold is plated with and why it is plated in the first place. Rhodium Plates All White Gold Its an industry standard that all white gold used for jewelry is plated with rhodium. Why rhodium? It is a white metal that somewhat resembles platinum, forms a strong bond over the gold alloy, takes a high shine, resists corrosion and oxidation, and is well-tolerated by most people. Why Plate White Gold White gold usually is not white. The gold alloy normally is a dull yellowish or gray color. White gold consists of gold, which is yellow, plus silver (white) metals, such as nickel, manganese, or palladium. The higher the percentage of gold, the higher its karat value, but the more yellow its appearance. High karat white gold, such as 18k white gold, is soft and could be easily damaged in jewelry. The rhodium adds hardness and durability, makes all white gold a uniform color and protects the wearer from potentially problematic metals found in some white gold, such as nickel. The downside to white gold is that the rhodium coating, while durable, eventually wears down. While the gold underneath isnt harmed, its usually unattractive, so most people get their jewelry re-plated. Because rings are exposed to more wear and tear than other types of jewelry, they may require re-plating in as little as 6 months. Why Not Use Platinum In some cases, platinum is used to plate gold and silver jewelry. Both platinum and rhodium are noble metals that resist corrosion. In fact, rhodium is even more expensive than platinum. Rhodium is a bright silver color, while platinum is darker or more gray.

Coporate Finance Case Study - 5492 Words

___________________________________________________________________ Case Study corporate finance Case 28 – An Introduction to Debt Policy and Value Case 30 – MCI Communications, Corp.: Capital Structure Theory ___________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Case 28 - An Introduction to Debt Policy and Value 3 Effects of Debt on the Value of the Firm 3 Split of Value between Creditors and Shareholders 4 Source of Value Creation 4 Effects on Value per Share 5 The Benefits of Leveraging for the Shareholders 6 The Macroeconomic Benefit of Debts 7 Koppers Company, Inc. 7 Case 30 – MCI Communications, Corp.: Capital Structure Theory 9 Introduction 9 Cost of Capital 9 Costs of†¦show more content†¦Source of Value Creation While in table 2 is illustrated, where the additional value from an increased leverage is going, we now have a closer look at where the change in value is coming from. For this purpose, we divide the free cash flow of the firm into pure business flows and cash flows resulting from financing effects and discount them at a consistent rate reflecting the cash flows’ risk. As shown in table 3, the total value of cash flow is increasing if debt is augmented. It is also obvious that this increase in value is generated by the cash flows resulting from financing effects. But how does this gain come about? In fact, table 3 illustrates one of the most important theories in corporate finance, which says that the value of a levered firm is equal to the value of an unlevered firm plus the present value of the tax shield provided by debt (Copeland, Weston and Shastri, 2005, p. 562). Since the tax authority treats interest going to the bondholders differently from the way it treats earnings going to stockholders, there emerges a difference in the tax payment the firm has to fulfil. Actually, the firm’s tax payment is positively related to its debt, as the interest is not taken into account by corporate taxation while earnings after interest but before taxes are taxed at the existing tax rate (which in this case is 35%). The increased value of the total cash flow in table 3 arises therefore from the so-called tax shield associatedShow MoreRelatedFIN553 Penelope Case Group 2 Essay627 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ FIN553 Advanced Coporate Finance Case Study: Penelopes Personal Pocket Phones Group 2 Brian Erber, Jaime Carreno, Wenliang Zhang, Xue Liu (Introduction) Background info about the project. In order to evaluate the NPV of the first-generation phone (project) ignoring the possibility of investing in the second-generation phone (project), we projected the free cash flows (FCF) of the first-generation phone through 2001 to 2006. The total FCF was calculated as EBIT plus deprecationRead MoreCapital Investment Decisions: the Case of Diamond Plc3285 Words   |  14 PagesCapital Investment Decisions: The case of Diamond PLC CONTENT PAGE PAGES 1.1 - Introduction...................................................................................................4 1.2 - Literature review............................................................................................4-6 2.1 - Advantages and disadvantages of Net Present Value....................................6-7 2.2 - Advantages and disadvantages of Internal Rate of Return...................Read MoreHarley Davidson6082 Words   |  25 Pagesinclude women and young people Threats include: Aging customer base Stricter Environmental Laws in Europe than in US Increase European standards and requirements Strict government trade regulations in Asian markets Competitors greater access to finance and marketing resources 4.0 PESTLE ANALYSIS A PESTLE analysis helps identify the attractiveness of a market or industry within which an organisation operates and aids in accessing the suitability of the strategic options in relation to a strategicRead MoreMarketing Communications Strategy - Tesco4875 Words   |  20 Pagesprofits over the next five years. If geographical spread continues to grow, this will ensure Tesco’s continued regional strength. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/nov/10/tesco-waitrose-win-market-share Insurance In fiscal 2003 Tesco Personal Finance reached the milestone of one million motor insurance policies, making it the fastest growing motor insurance provider ever. The group’s instant travel insurance allows Clubcard holders to buy their holiday insurance conveniently at the checkout. PetRead MoreDiscounted Cash Flow Analysis - Empirical Study12804 Words   |  52 PagesAn empirical study of the discounted cash flow model Martin Edsinger1, Christian Stenberg2 June 2008 Master’s thesis in Accounting and Financial Management Stockholm School of Economics Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to compare the practical use of the DCF model with the theoretical recommendations. The empirical study is based on eight different DCF models performed by American, European and Nordic investment banks on the Swedish retail company Hennes Mauritz (HM). These modelsRead MoreCase Study Molson Coors Brewing Company5316 Words   |  22 PagesCASE STUDY: MOLSON COORS BREWING COMPANY 1. COMPANY HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH The Molson Coors Brewing Company is an alcohol beverage company. It manufactures and markets beers and other beverage products through its subsidiaries across the world. Commercializes its products under a line of owned and partner brands. MCBC operates through four reportable segments, namely, Canada, the US, the UK, and Molson Coors International (MCI). Some of its major brands include Coors Light, MolsonRead MoreCase Study Molson Coors Brewing Company5324 Words   |  22 PagesCASE STUDY: MOLSON COORS BREWING COMPANY 1. COMPANY HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH The Molson Coors Brewing Company is an alcohol beverage company. It manufactures and markets beers and other beverage products through its subsidiaries across the world. Commercializes its products under a line of owned and partner brands. MCBC operates through four reportable segments, namely, Canada, the US, the UK, and Molson Coors International (MCI). Some of its major brands include Coors Light, Molson CanadianRead MoreAccounting Theory Assignment13240 Words   |  53 PagesGà ©nà ©ral designed for public sector enterprises. France’s accounting history goes back till 1630 and factors such as the legal system, enterprise ownership and other country influences have contributed to the evolution. Using Gray, Hofstede and GLOBE studies, we can see how France’s culture affects the accounting system, and these findings are being compared to European Union and the World Average as a whole to have a better understanding. Two concepts, Harmonization and Global Financial C risis are theRead MoreSample Resume : Marketing Assistant Workshop Supervisor Essay9105 Words   |  37 Pagestechnical competencies from your major, and other areas of study †¢ use authoritative sources †¢ provide in-text references in APA (6th ed.) †¢ include a Reference List with the full reference (APA 6th ed.) Throughout Co-operative Education you will be focusing on how you are achieving the BBus Learning Goals set out below: Learning Goal 1: Be self-directed, reflective learners Learning Goal 2: Be knowledgeable in their major field(s) of study Learning Goal 3: Be critical enquirers and creative problem

Supply Chain Management And Logistics Essay - 1877 Words

Supply Chain management and logistics are an extremely important functions of an organization. In this research paper, we will be discussing an aspect of supply chain and logistics that I am interested in, how both are related and different, key activities in supply chain and logistics, and the ethics and social responsibility in both supply chain and logistics management. Logistics is a vital component of supply chain management. Both involve the planning, carrying out and management of goods, services and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption. Logistics aligns the multifaceted pattern of traffic and transportation, shipping and receiving, import and export operations, warehousing, inventory management, purchasing, production planning and customer service. Organizations, like the one I work for, see logistics as a critical design of the supply chain. When organizations incorporate logistics as a key component of the business plan, they can use it to manage, coordinate and monitor resources needed to move products in a smooth, timely, cost effective and reliable manner. Like Logistics, Supply Chain Management is an essential element of operational efficiency. The impact that supply chain has on our organization is substantial and exponential. Two of the main ways SCM affects business include: boosts customer service and our overall bottom line. Supply chain impacts our customer service by making sure the right product assortment and quantity areShow MoreRelatedLogistics And Supply Chain Management1033 Words   |  5 PagesLogistics and supply chain management is an important aspect of a firm’s strategy for the business to achieve success by creating value throughout the logistics and supply chain. The research paper will outline the concepts that are involved in creating the logistics and supply management framework. The logistics and supply chain management strategies will drive success for the company towards fulfilling and supporting customer needs, procurement and manufacturing operations of the firm. This researchRead MoreLogistics and Supply Chain Management2341 Words   |  10 Pageshighly competitive situation in order to survive; Supply Chain Management (SCM) becoming the main topic for improving efficiency and satisfy customer’s need. The supply chain of a company consists of different departments, ranging from procurement of materials to customer service. Supply chain management means transforming a company’s â€Å"supply chain† into an optimally efficient, customer-satisfying process, where the effectively of the whole supply chain is more important than the effectiveness of eachRead MoreLogistics: Management and Supply Chain1566 Words   |  7 PagesMinor Logistics Operations Presentatie titel MIRBSLM114OP N.J. Osentoski-Monsma A. Nielsen-de Vries Lecturers Logistics Room D2.173 osenj@hr.nl / vriad@hr.nl Rotterdam, 00 januari 2007 6-1 Corporate strategy Business strategy Operations Strategy Mission Objectives (cost, quality, flexibility, delivery) Functional strategies in marketing, finance, engineering, human resources, and information systems Strategic Decisions (process, quality system, capacity, andRead MoreSupply Chain And Logistics Management1295 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction What is supply chain and logistics? Supply chain management involves various activities from acquisition of raw material to distribution of final goods while logistics involves only transportation of goods. Supply chain plays integral role in business process without effective supply chain management an organization cannot meet its demands on time. So it plays crucial role in business activities. Following activities are involved in supply chain management 1. Procurement 2. ProductionRead MoreLogistics And Supply Chain Management1379 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and the consulting firms that service them, they are scrambling to hire people with Supply Chain expertise, but these experts are hard to come by. Supply Chain Management has moved from a necessary evil to a core competency at companies across industries. I am applying for admission to the Master of Logistics and Supply Chain Management because I want a career in the Supply Chain Management. In particular, I am interested in factors that affect the competitive performance of a businessRead MoreLogistics and Supply Chain Management1168 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Do the terms, ‘logistics management’ and ‘supply chain management’ have the same meaning in operations and why logistics management might be of strategic importance to a manufacturing or service organisation. During last two decades, the importance of logistics has been noticed around the world. In global markets, the effects and further developments of logistics and supply chain management for corporate success has increased significantly that result in a large amount of companies haveRead MoreLogistics Management And Supply Chain Management1125 Words   |  5 Pages Aero Marine Logistics Tomer Dicturel California InterContinental University Aero Marine Logistics Introduction During last two decades, the importance of logistics has been noticed around the world. In global markets, the effects and further developments of logistics and supply chain management for corporate success has increased significantly that result in a large amount of companies have taken actual benefits in logistics, such as reducing costs, enhancing customers satisfactionRead MoreLogistics and Supply Chain Management1186 Words   |  5 PagesWhat logistics management? b. State the six rights in an effective logistics management system. Logistics is defined as process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose conforming to customer requirement, which also includes the inbound, outbound, internal, and external movements and return of materials for environmental purposes. Logistics Management is theRead MoreLogistic and Supply Chain Management3353 Words   |  14 PagesRMIT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY VIETNAM Introduction to Logistic and Supply Chain Management Individual Case Study NAME: Tran Thi Kim Mai ID Number: s3231137 LECTURE: JAMIE CALBETO-Group 10 Bachelor of Commerce Program ASSIGNMENT COVER PAGE Your assessment will not be accepted unless all fields below are completed Subject Code: OMGT2085 Subject Name: Introduction to Logistics Supply Chain Management Location where you study: RMIT Vietnam – SGS Title of Assignment: Read MoreLogistics Management And Supply Chain Management1171 Words   |  5 PagesLogistics and Supply Chain Management Topic: Do the terms, ‘logistics management’ and ‘supply chain management’ have the same meaning in operations and why logistics management might be of strategic importance to a manufacturing or service organisation. During last two decades, the importance of logistics has been noticed around the world. In global markets, the effects and further developments of logistics and supply chain management for corporate success has increased significantly that result

Disaster Situation and Risk Treatment

Question: Discuss about the Disaster Situation and Risk Treatment. Answer: Introduction Disaster and crisis management can be deemed as certain recovery activities, response and preparedness and the effective ways in which the personnel with the industry can respond to the disasters and deal with it. Effective preparedness and planning before any disaster is necessary in dealing with the crisis risks those results in damages (Altinay et al. 2015). The tourism industry is observed to be impacted by a wide range of international crisis over the past years because of terrorism, tsunami and bird flu. Unlike other sectors, hospitality and events industry has also gradually suffered from and for this reason the major causes of the tourism crisis vulnerability has been viewed (AlBattat and Some 2013). Moreover, the hospitality industry experiences great threats from the disasters that necessitates engaging in planning for the disaster management. Efficient disaster management planning includes internal output from certain establishments valuable assets and external input from stakeholders of a community (Paraskevas 2013). The objective of the essay is to evaluate the factors those influence risks associated with the crisis and disaster situations within the tourism, hospitality and the events industry. Thereafter, based on the evaluation the essay will identify certain risk treatment options that can help in managing the crisis and the disaster situation in these industries on an effective manner. Discussion Factors Influencing Risks Associated with Disaster Situations in Tourism, Hospitality and Events Industry- The word crisis as well as disaster is generally used interchangeably, which generally brings downturn with itself. However, while considering the tourism and hospitality industry the meaning of both the terms changes a little. Here, crisis refers to a situation when the foundation becomes weak and the same troubles the whole management (Phillips and Moutinho 2014). On the other hand, a disaster is considered as the sudden catastrophic changes which impacts negatively. Disaster in general is mainly considered to the event which not only shakes the whole country but also compromises life. Disaster could be divided in various types such as ecosystem disaster, economic disaster, socio-technological disaster and sociopathic disaster. The ecosystem disaster is one in which the life forms as well as their habitat is destroyed (Becken and Hughey 2013). On the other hand, economic disaster is one where the organizations fail to match or adjust with the market. It affects the economy inversely where all the industries are down and tourists refrain from coming to the affected region. Socio-technological disaster could be considered to an issue in the hospitality and the tourism sector (Becken et al. 2014). Three types of crisis has been revealed in the hospitality and tourism industry that includes immediate crisis, in which there are very less or low warning and for this reason the organizations within this industry are not capable to identify the problem and develop a plan before the occurrence of the disaster (Paraskevas and Altinay 2013). Emerging crisis is another crisis that takes place in these sectors are observed to develop slowly that, might be able to be stopped or decreased by appropriate actions taken by the management. Sustained crisis also takes place in these sectors that might last for few weeks or even for years. It has also been revealed that in the hospitality industry the crisis either strikes in a sudden manner through the human involvement (plane crashes, industrial accidents or even terrorist events) or can be natural (earthquakes or hurricanes) (Wang and Ritchie 2012). The crisis or the disasters those have affected the international tourism and hospitality ind ustry includes global war or conflict and long term manifestations of certain internal conflict and any particulate act or some action of terrorism particularly those intended at harming the tourists. It also includes any major criminal act or crime wave at the time the tourists are targeted along with appearance of some health concerns associated with the diseases or epidemics and these might be the diseases that has direct impact on humans or the diseases those has the capacity to affect animals (Page 2014). It also includes a natural disaster that might be a storm, earthquake or volcano that can affect the urban areas or the natural surrounding and constantly affecting the tourism infrastructure. The four major risk factors include war and political instability, terrorism, health concerns as well as crime (Hall et al. 2012). Combining such issues along with the categories of the crisis and the disasters and the crisis that occurs on the domestic levels risks can be magnified in a significant manner. Generally, the issues that the tourism crisis causes considering the tourism sector that can be magnified and can affect a significant area must be addressed through effective disaster management strategies. Facts have been revealed regarding the vulnerability of the tourist spots and have indicated that such places might be highly exposed to natural disasters where the volcanoes and hurricanes are common (Thomas et al. 2013). Additionally, destruction of the facilities and infrastructures are strongly associated with the tourism industry that includes hospitality facilities. The disasters because of the outbreak of health issues can also take place with the global and domestic tourism attracts the shareholders interest from a great range of social sciences and medical disciplines (Williams and BalÃ…Â ¾ 2015). With a great number of people travelling globally, it becomes easy for the local epidemic with a negative impact on the tourism. For instance, the SARS epidemic that initiated from a Chinese province serves as a great instance that had a negative impact on the global tourism and hospitality sector (Hanna Salman Sawalha et al. 2013). Bessie of this disaster air travel to the regions impacted by the advisories drastically decreased at the time of the epidemic. However, the impact of the advisories in comparison to several sources of information to the travellers like news medias became difficult to access. Such disastrous situation-taking place in the hospitality and tourism industry must be effectively managed for improving the crises. Risk Treatment Options in Managing Disaster Situations and Crisis- The crisis and disaster management processes considers evaluating and recognising the risks to a community or organization and talking decisions regarding the risk management options. The development and the execution of suitable risk management strategies that can gradually deal with likely risks to tourism and hospitality/events industry are turning out to be a vital part in dealing with tourism in the destinations (Dredge and Jamal 2015). Such risk management options must be linked with community disaster management plans and encompass strategies that the industrys operators and the organizations can consider in accordance to the communitys disaster management agencies work (Raj and Griffin 2015). Risk and crisis management options for the tourism as well as events and hospitality industry must offer and consider the safety of the employees as well as visitors and secure the systems in order to interact with all the people within the destination. It also needs to ensure and strengthen the security of the facilities, building and the equipments from the harmful impacts of any disaster. Risk management also includes contributing trained personnel to the agencies of disaster management at the time of response and recovery conducts after the disaster and maintaining constant supply of resources for efficient recovery activities and support response after disaster. It also includes developing safety procedures for returning to the normal business activities after the end of the disaster operations. Effective risk management process is needed to be designed for identifying the risks those require being managed. Effective systematic method is vital that will make sure that all the important disasters are recognised (Telfer and Sharpley 2015). Crisis factors might change and for this reason, the vital part of review and monitoring process is to recognise ne disasters that can take place in the tourism or event destination. An aspect of tourism risk management option is to decrease the susceptibility and enhance the tourism destinations resilience. Several other options that has been effective in managing disaster includes the necessity of developing elaborated contingency plans, defining the informational and decisional responsibilities and roles in managing disaster and retaining flexibility for prompt reaction at a operational level and not rushing into taking decisions on strategic level (Telfer and Sharpley 2015). In the hospitality and events industry, an effective option available in managing crisis is through getting involved in continuous proceeds of involving a loop of feedback back to the stage of pre-crisis after the end of the crisis (Dredge and Jamal 2015). This facilitates organizational learning to occur in a situation where the organization will be capable enhance its performance by means of learning from mistakes and maintaining preparedness for the likely potential crisis. Crisis management in the hospitality sector considers certain steps including readiness, reduction, response and recovery (Dredge and Jamal 2015). Reduction of the after effects and chances of crisis can be ensured through considering better crisis awareness, political cautiousness along with maintaining standard operating procedures. Readiness is another effective option for better crisis management in the hospitality sector that includes crisis management plan, developing health and safety measures and touris m planning. Another option in ensuring crisis management n this sector is better response in the occasion of crises that considers emergency response procedures, family assistance along with better communication and investigation of the crisis (Telfer and Sharpley 2015). Recovery management can be another effective option in ensuing beer crisis management that includes developing business sustenance plan, debriefing and availability of human resources to manage crisis. Focus items in implementing these disaster management options is in including positive focus reports on rehabilitation and reconstruction after the disaster (Raj and Griffin 2015). Crisis management strategy must include plans for fresh initiatives that can decrease the impact of crisis reputation. The hospitality and tourism sector must consider preparation of total recovery campaign in the major resource markets. The major aspect of the crisis is response timing. If the contingency plan has been totally developed for a destination it will be easily possible to respond promptly. There is a requirement to establish to media and the stakeholders that the operation of the business is aware of the crisis events that might take place and considers managing the situation in case any disaster takes place (Raj and Griffin 2015). In occurrence of any major event, certain external security protocols are set and the organisers of the event employ specialist security staff. The daily security operations includes secondary security role that must be assigned to the front line staff (Raj and Griffin 2015). Such approach facilitates extremely discrete security operations and maintaining the service quality in the hospitality and tourism industry. Conclusion The objective of the essay was to evaluate the factors those influence risks associated with the crisis and disaster situations within the tourism, hospitality and the events industry. Thereafter, based on the evaluation the essay will identify certain risk treatment options that can help in managing the crisis and the disaster situation in these industries on an effective manner. It was gathered from the essay that economic disaster is one where the organizations fail to match or adjust with the market. It influences the economy inversely where all the industries are down and tourists refrain from coming to the affected region. The development and the execution of suitable risk management strategies that can gradually deal with likely risks to tourism and hospitality/events industry are turning out to be a vital part in dealing with tourism in the destinations. Effective risk management process is needed to be designed for identifying the risks those require being managed. Effective systematic method is vital that will make sure that all the important disasters are recognised. Economic disaster is one where the organizations fail to match or adjust with the market. It impacts the economy inversely where all the industries are down and tourists refrain from coming to the affected region. Reference List AlBattat, A.R. and Som, A.P.M., 2013. Emergency preparedness for disasters and crises in the hotel industry. SAGE Open, 3(3), p.2158244013505604. Altinay, L., Paraskevas, A. and Jang, S.S., 2015. Planning research in hospitality and tourism. Routledge. Becken, S. and Hughey, K.F., 2013. Linking tourism into emergency management structures to enhance disaster risk reduction. Tourism Management, 36, pp.77-85. Becken, S., Mahon, R., Rennie, H.G. and Shakeela, A., 2014. The tourism disaster vulnerability framework: an application to tourism in small island destinations. Natural hazards, 71(1), pp.955-972. Dredge, D. and Jamal, T., 2015. Progress in tourism planning and policy: A post-structural perspective on knowledge production. Tourism Management, 51, pp.285-297. Hall, C.M., Timothy, D.J. and Duval, D.T., 2012. Safety and security in tourism: relationships, management, and marketing. Routledge. Hanna Salman Sawalha, I., Eid Jraisat, L. and Al-Qudah, K.A., 2013. Crisis and disaster management in Jordanian hotels: practices and cultural considerations. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 22(3), pp.210-228. Page, S.J., 2014. Tourism management. Routledge. Paraskevas, A. and Altinay, L., 2013. Signal detection as the first line of defence in tourism crisis management. Tourism Management, 34, pp.158-171. Paraskevas, A., 2013. Aligning strategy to threat: a baseline anti-terrorism strategy for hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(1), pp.140-162. Phillips, P. and Moutinho, L., 2014. Critical review of strategic planning research in hospitality and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 48, pp.96-120. Raj, R. and Griffin, K.A. eds., 2015. Religious tourism and pilgrimage management: An international perspective. CABI. Telfer, D.J. and Sharpley, R., 2015. Tourism and development in the developing world. Routledge. Thomas, D.S., Wilhelmi, O.V., Finnessey, T.N. and Deheza, V., 2013. A comprehensive framework for tourism and recreation drought vulnerability reduction. Environmental Research Letters, 8(4), p.044004. Wang, J. and Ritchie, B.W., 2012. Understanding accommodation managers crisis planning intention: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. Tourism Management, 33(5), pp.1057-1067. Williams, A.M. and BalÃ…Â ¾, V., 2015. Tourism Risk and Uncertainty Theoretical Reflections. Journal of Travel Research, 54(3), pp.271-287.